打字猴:1.700141043e+09
1700141043
1700141044 [32]Lawrence,‘Hendrick de Keyser’s Heemskerck Monument’,pp.266,291;K.Skovgaard-Petersen,Historiography at the Court of Christian IV:1588–1648,Copenhagen:Museum Tusculanum Press,2002,在没有参考阿姆斯特丹史的情况下,对彭塔努斯(Pontanus)在丹麦的职业生涯进行了探讨。
1700141045
1700141046 [33]Halkos,Kyriazis,‘A Naval Revolution and Institutional Change’,p.59.
1700141047
1700141048 [34]M.de Jong,‘Dutch Public Finance During the Eighty Years War:The Case of the Province of Zeeland,1585–1648’,in van der Hoeven,ed.,Exercise of Arms,pp.133-152 at p.151.
1700141049
1700141050 [35]Halkos,Kyriazis,‘A Naval Revolution and Institutional Change’,p.63.
1700141051
1700141052 [36]过去的历史学把共和国描绘成一个软弱的国家,缺乏强有力的中央政府来调动资源打仗。这种批判产生于1815年后的荷兰王国,目的是使一个非同寻常的国家之经历正常化,并贬低资产阶级政府的成功。Glete,War and the State in Early Modern Europe,pp.140-142.
1700141053
1700141054 [37]Glete,War and the State in Early Modern Europe,pp.147,150.
1700141055
1700141056 [38]H.L.Zwitzer,‘The Eighty Years War’,in van der Hoeven,ed.,Exercise of Arms,pp.33-56,波利比乌斯、韦格蒂乌斯(Vegetius)和塔西佗(Tacitus)的著作所造成的影响见第24页和第33页;Glete,War and the State in Early Modern Europe.pp.141,156-162.现代对战略、政策和海军事务的探讨比较缺乏对古典著作的参考,低估了雅典、威尼斯和热那亚模式对荷兰的战争和国家思维所造成的强大影响。
1700141057
1700141058 [39]Schama,Embarrassment of Riches,pp.241-246.
1700141059
1700141060 [40]Glete,War and the State in Early Modern Europe,pp.171-172.
1700141061
1700141062 [41]Levillain,‘William III′s Military and Political Career’,pp.331-332.
1700141063
1700141064 [42]Israel,The Dutch Republic,p.720.
1700141065
1700141066 [43]H.H.Rowen,John de Witt Grand Pensionary of Holland,1625–1672,Princeton,NJ:Princeton University Press,1978;Brandon,War,Capital,and the Dutch State,pp.74-75,118-119.
1700141067
1700141068 [44]Rowen,John de Witt,pp.56,62,67.
1700141069
1700141070 [45]这本荷兰小册子出版于1653年,转引自Rowen,John de Witt,pp.65,71.
1700141071
1700141072 [46]Brandon,War,Capital,and the Dutch State,pp.87,91.
1700141073
1700141074 [47]Schama,Embarrassment of Riches,pp.117,224;Burke,Venice and Amsterdam,p.49;Rowen,John de Witt,pp.80-81,95,98.
1700141075
1700141076 [48]van Vliet,‘Foundation,Organization and Effects of the Dutch Navy’,pp.162-163.
1700141077
1700141078 [49]Bruijn,The Dutch Navy of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries,pp.48,59-61;Levillain,‘William III′s Military and Political Career’,p.333 fn.65.
1700141079
1700141080 [50]Israel,The Dutch Republic,pp.679-680.
1700141081
1700141082 [51]G.Clark,ed.,Sir William Temple’s Observations Upon the United Provinces of the Netherlands,Oxford:Clarendon Press,1972,p.128.该书第一版出版于1673年,以供同时代人和后世的作家阅读,见该书第131页。
1700141083
1700141084 [52]“荷兰的经济在海军交战期间很脆弱,很容易爆发公众骚乱——就像1653年以及后来的1665年和1672年那样。”Bruijn,The Dutch Navy of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries,pp.56,65;Israel,The Dutch Republic,p.720.
1700141085
1700141086 [53]Rowen,John de Witt,pp.71-79;B.Capp,Cromwell’s Navy:The Fleet and the English Revolution 1648–1660,Oxford:Oxford University Press,1900,pp.6-9.
1700141087
1700141088 [54]G.Rommelse,R.Downing,‘The Fleet as an Ideological Pillar of Dutch Radical Republicanism,1650–1672’,The International Journal of Maritime History,vol.27,no.3(2015),pp.387-410.
1700141089
1700141090 [55]Glete,War and the State in Early Modern Europe,p.170.
1700141091
1700141092 [56]Bruijn,The Dutch Navy of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries,pp.66-71.
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