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如何像人类学家一样思考 [1]除非他们自己就是“本地人”。日本人类学家大贯惠美子(Emiko Ohnuki Tierney)就是一个例子(1984)。她在神户研究“她的族群”。然而本土人类学家是一类有争议的群体,引发了许多讨论。通常在非白人或是非西方的情境下,一个研究者才会被认为是“本土”的。所以如果你是日本人,研究日本,那么你就是本土人类学家。但如果你是白种美国人,研究例如好莱坞,那么你很可能不会被称为“本土人类学家”。这些争论让我们注意到人类学的殖民主义史里一些重要的信息。总的来说,反对“本土化”的主要论点是,一位人类学家不能仅仅站在研究对象的视角去描述世界。做人类学,始终应该留有某种批判的距离。
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[2]如同在其他学术和职业领域中一样,人类学领域的女性,特别是早些年,也经常会遇到“玻璃天花板”。米德和本尼迪克特都没有得到顶尖大学的教职,尽管她们有着卓越的成就和名望。
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[3]原文“cricket”既有板球也有蟋蟀的意思,显然作者一开始误解了菲利普的意思。——译者注
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