1700172004
1700172005
[4] H uxle y, T. H. (1863/1901). Man’s place in nature and other anthropological essays, p. 153. Macmillan, London.
1700172006
1700172007
[5] Rogers, A. and Jorde, R. B. (1995). Genetic evidence and modern human origins. Human Biology 67: 1-36.
1700172008
1700172009
[6] B oaz, N. T. (1997). Eco homo. Basic Books, New York.
1700172010
1700172011
[7] W alker, A. and Shipman, P. (1996). The wisdom of bones. Phoenix,London.
1700172012
1700172013
[8] Ridley, M. (1996). The origins of virtue. Viking, London.
1700172014
1700172015
3号染色体
1700172016
1700172017
关于遗传学的历史有很多记载，其中最好的当属霍勒斯·贾德森（Horace Judson）的《创世纪的第八天》（伦敦乔纳森海角出版社，1979；企鹅出版社，1995年再版）。对于孟德尔的生平描述，可在西蒙·莫尔（Simon Mawer）的小说《孟德尔的侏儒》（双日出版社，1997）中找到。
1700172018
1700172019
[1] B eam, A. G. and Miller, E. D. (1979). Archibald Garrod and the development of the concept of inborn errors of metabolism. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 53: 315-28; Childs, B. (1970). Sir Archibald Garrod’s conception of chemical individuality: a modern appreciation.New England Journal of Medicine 282: 71-7; Garrod, A. (1909). Inborn errors of metabolism. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
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1700172021
[2] M endel, G. (1865). Versuche über Pfianzen-Hybriden. Verhandlungen des naturforschenden Vereines in Brünn 4: 3-47. English translation published in the Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society, Vol. 26 (1901).
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1700172023
[3] Q uoted in Fisher, R. A. (1930). The genetical theory of natural selection.Oxford University Press, Oxford.
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1700172025
[4] B ateson, W. (1909). Mendel’s principles of heredity. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
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1700172027
[5] M iescher is quoted in Bodmer, W. and McKie, R. (1994). The book of man. Little, Brown, London.
1700172028
1700172029
[6] D awkins, R. (1995). River out of Eden. Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London.
1700172030
1700172031
[7] H ayes, B. (1998). The invention of the genetic code. American Scientist 86: 8-14.
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1700172033
[8] S cazzocchio, C. (1997). Alkaptonuria: from humans to moulds and back.Trends in Genetics 13: 125-7; Fernandez-Canon, J. M. and Penalva,M. A. (1995). Homogentisate dioxygenase gene cloned in Aspergillus.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 92: 9132-6.
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1700172035
4号染色体
1700172036
1700172037
对于那些关心诸如亨廷顿舞蹈症等遗传性疾病的人来说，下面所详细列出的南希和艾丽斯·韦克斯勒（Alice Wexler）的著作是必读的。而斯蒂芬·托马斯（Stephen Thomas）的《遗传风险》（鹈鹕鸟丛书，1986）一书，是一本浅显易懂的指南。
1700172038
1700172039
[1] T homas, S. (1986). Genetic risk. Pelican, London.
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1700172041
[2] Gusella, J. F., McNeil, S., Persichetti, F., Srinidhi, J., Novelletto, A., Bird,E., Faber, P., Vonsattel, J. P., Myers, R. H. and MacDonald, M. E. (1996).Huntington’s disease. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 61: 615-26.
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[3] H untington, G. (1872). On chorea. Medical and Surgical Reporter 26
:317-21.
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[4] W exler, N. (1992). Clairvoyance and caution: repercussions from the Human Genome Project. In The code of codes (ed. D. Kevles and L.Hood), pp. 211-43. Harvard University Press.
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[5] H untington’s Disease Collaborative Research Group (1993). A novel gene containing a trinucleotide repeat that is expanded and unstable on Huntington’s disease chromosomes. Cell 72: 971-83.
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1700172049
[6] Goldberg, Y. P. et al. (1996). Cleavage of huntingtin by apopain, a proapoptotic cysteine protease, is modulated by the polyglutamine tract.Nature Genetics 13: 442-9; DiFiglia, M., Sapp, E., Chase, K. O., Davies,S. W., Bates, G. P., Vonsattel, J. P. and Aronin, N. (1997). Aggregation of huntingtin in neuronal intranuclear inclusions and dystrophic neurites in brain. Science 277: 1990-93.
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[7] Kakizuka, A. (1998). Protein precipitation: a common etiology in neurodegenerative disorders? Trends in genetics 14: 398-402.
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1700172053
[8] B at, O., Kimmel, M. and Axelrod, D. E. (1997). Computer simulation of expansions of DNA triplet repeats in the fragile-X syndrome and Huntington’s disease. Journal of Theoretical Biology 188: 53-67.
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