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I Schenk, P.; O’Brien, D. P.; Marchi, S.;et al.(2012). The geologically recent giant impact basins at Vesta’s south pole.Science,336(6082): 694–697.
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II Lonsdale, P.(1977). Clustering of suspension-feeding macrobenthos near abyssal hydrothermal vents at oceanic spreading centers.Deep sea research part ii
:Topical studies in oceanography (DEEP-SEA RES PT II), 24(9): 857–863.
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III 关于这些微生物的化学自养类型，参见：Nakagawa, S.; Takai, K.(2008). Deep-sea vent chemoautotrophs: diversity, bio chemistry and ecological significance.FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 65(1): 1–14。
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IV Wächtershäuser, G.(1988). Before enzymes and templates: Theory of surface metabolism.Microbiological Reviews, 52(4): 452–84.
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V Miller, S. L.; Bada, J. L.(1988). Submarine hot springs and the origin of life.Nature, 334(6183): 609–611.
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第三章
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I Larter, R.C.L.; Boyce, A. J.; Russell, M. J.(1981). Hydrothermal pyrite chimneys from the Ballynoe baryte deposit, Silvermin es, County Tipperary, Ireland.Mineralium Deposita, 16(2)
:309-317.
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II Hill, Jon; Davis, Katie (November 2007). “Precambrian History of England and Wales”. GeologyRocks.com. Archived from the original on 7 December 2007. Retrieved 23 January 2008；Plant, J. A.; Whittaker, A.; Demetriades, A.; et al. (2005). The geological and tectonic framework of Europe.Geological surveyof Finland, 23-42.
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III Ludwig, K. A.; Kelley, D. S.; Butterfield, D. A.; et al.(2006). Formation and evolution of carbonate chimneys at the Lost City Hydrothermal Field.Geochimica et cosmochimica acta, 70 (14): 3625–3645；Ludwig, K. A.; Shen, Chuan-Chou; Kelley,D. S.; et al.( 2011). U-Th systematics and 230Th ages of carbonate chimneys at the Lost City Hydrothermal Field.Geochimicaet cosmochimica acta. 75 (7): 1869–1888；Denny, A. R.; Kelley, D. S.; Früh-Green, G. L.(2016). Geologic evolution of the Lost City Hydrothermal Field.Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems, 17 (2): 375–394；Schrenk, M. O.; Brazelton, W. J.; Lang, S. Q.(2013). Serpentinization, carbon, and deep life.Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 75 (1): 575–606.
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IV Russell, M.; Hall, A. J.; Cairns-Smith, A. J.; et al.(1988). Submarine hot springs and the origin of life.Nature, 336(6195): 117.
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V Martin, W.; Russell, M.(2003) On the origins of cells: a hypothesis for the evolutionary transitions from abiotic geochemis try to chemoautotrophic prokaryotes, and from prokaryotes to nucleated cells.Philosophical transactions of The Royal SocietyB, 358
:59–85；Martin, W.; Russell, M.(2007). On the origin of biochemistry at an alkaline hydrothermal vent.Philosophicaltransactions of The Royal Society B, 362
:1887–1926.
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VI Lane, N.; Martin, W.(2012). The Origin of Membrane Bioenergetics.Cell, 151(7): 1406-16.
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VII 已知最早的生命活动痕迹：Dodd, M. S., Papineau, D., Grenne, T., Slack, J. F., Rittner, M., Pirajno, F., … Little, C. T. S. (2017). Evidence for early life in Earth’s oldest hydrothermal vent precipitates. Nature, 543(7643), 60–64. doi
:10.1038/nature21377.
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第二幕
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I Priestley, J.(2012).Experiments and Observations on Different Kinds of Air（3 vols）. London: W. Bowyer and J. Nich ols, 1774–77. （用汉语说明版本情况）There are several diferent editions of these volumes, each important.
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第四章
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I Arranz-Otaegui, A.; Carretero, L. G.; Ramsey, M. N.; et al.(2018). Archaeobotanical evidence reveals the origins of bread 14,400 years ago in northeastern Jordan.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(31): 7925-7930; Kühlbrandt, W.; Davies, K. M.(2015). Rotary ATPases: A new twist to an ancient machine.Trends in biochemical sciences, 41(1)
:106-116.
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II 关于熵最大化的参考文献：Ziegler, H. Chemical reactions and the principle of maximal rate of entropy production. Z.an gew. Math. Phys. 34, 832–844 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00949059；L.M. Martyushev, V.D. Seleznev,Maximum entropy production principle in physics, chemistry and biology,Physics Reports,Vol ume 426, Issue 1,2006,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2005.12.001；Kleidon Axel, Malhi Yadvinder and Cox Peter M. 2010Maximum entropy production in environmental and ecological system sPhil. Trans. R. Soc. B3651297–1302 http://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0018。
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III 发现4000年前的面包的参考文献：Amaia Arranz-Otaegui, Lara Gonzalez Carretero, Monica N. Ramsey, Dorian Q. Full er, Tobias Richter. Archaeobotanical evidence reveals the origins of bread 14,400 years ago in northeastern Jordan. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Jul 2018, 115 (31) 7925-7930; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1801071115。
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推荐阅读：
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薛定谔：《生命是什么？》，罗来鸥、罗辽复译，湖南科学技术出版社，2007。
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尼克·莱恩：《能量、性、死亡——线粒体与我们的生命》，林彦纶译，台北猫头鹰出版社，2013。
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第五章
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I Kühlbrandt, W.; Davies, K. M.(2015). Rotary ATPases: A new twist to an ancient machine.Trends in biochemical sciences, 41(1)
:106-116；Pierson, H. E.; Kaler, M.; O’Grady, C.; et al.(2018) Engineered protein model of the ATP synthase H+-Channel shows no salt bridge at the rotor-stator interface.Scientific reports, 8
:11361.
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第六章
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