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[9] Joshua Berrett, “Doctors Afield: Theodor Billroth,” New England Journal of Medicine, 264; Jan. 5, 1961, p.38.
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[10] A. Cesmebasi, et al., “A Historical Perspective: Bernhard von Langenbeck German Surgeon (1810–1887),” Clinical Anatomy 27: 972–75, 2014.
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[11] Ibid.
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[12] Siddhartha Mukherjee, The Emperor of All Maladies (New York: Scribner, 2010), p.58.
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[13] Sherwin Nuland, Doctors: The Biography of Medicine (New York: Vintage Books, 1995), p.391.
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[14] R. Kazi and R. Peter, “Christian Albert Theodor Billroth: Master of Surgery,” Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, 2004; 50: 82–3.
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[15] Sherwin Nuland, Doctors: The Biography of Medicine (New York: Vintage Books, 1995), p.391.
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[16] M. Goerig, et al., “Carl Koller, Cocaine, and Local Anesthesia. Some less known and forgotten facts,” Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, 37(3, May-June): 318, 2012.
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[17] Ibid.
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[18] G. Gaertner, Die Entdeckung der Lokalanasthesia (Vienna: Der neue Tag, 1919), 6.
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[19] Ibid.
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[20] H. D. Noyes, “The Ophthalmological Congress in Heidelberg,” Medical Record. 1884; 26: 417–18.
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[21] Gerald Imber, Genius on the Edge: The Bizarre Double Life of Dr. William Stewart Halsted (New York: Kaplan, 2011), p.55.
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[22] Howard Markel, An Anatomy of Addiction: Sigmund Freud, William Halsted, and the Miracle Drug, Cocaine (New York: Vintage, 2012), p.108.
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[23] Ibid., p.111.
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[24] Gerald Imber, Genius on the Edge: The Bizarre Double Life of Dr. William Stewart Halsted (New York: Kaplan, 2011), p.80.
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[25] Ibid., p.87.
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[26] Ibid., p.98.
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[27] Ibid., p.349.
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[28] Sherwin Nuland, Doctors: The Biography of Medicine (New York: Vintage Books, 1995), p.414.
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[29] Gerald Imber, Genius on the Edge: The Bizarre Double Life of Dr. William Stewart Halsted (New York: Kaplan, 2011), p.115.
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[30] Ibid., p.118.
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[31] Siddhartha Mukherjee, The Emperor of All Maladies (New York: Scribner, 2010), p.47.
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[32] Gerald Imber, Genius on the Edge: The Bizarre Double Life of Dr. William Stewart Halsted (New York: Kaplan, 2011), p.228.
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[33] Ibid., p.233.
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