打字猴:1.700629634e+09
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1700629635 图3-3 内科治疗GERD—手术程序
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1700629637 (四)并发症的处理
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1700629639 对GERD并发症,人们关注最多的是Barrett食管。因为它被认为是食管腺癌的癌前病变。虽有文献报道PPI能延缓BE的进程,但尚无足够的循证依据证实其能逆转BE。BE伴有糜烂性食管炎及反流症状者,建议采用大剂量PPI治疗,并提倡长期维持治疗。光动力学治疗(PDT)是FDA唯一治疗重度不典型增生的 BE内镜治疗方法,另外,多极电凝(MPEC)、血浆凝固(APC)、射频消融(RF)及黏膜下剥离术(EMR)等均显示了良好的治疗前景。有研究认为抗反流手术后进行双极电凝是清除Barrett上皮的一种有效安全的方法,可降低以后发生腺癌的危险,但它会使残留的Barrett上皮可能位于新生鳞状上皮下,这将限制内镜监测早期检出异常增生和腺癌的价值。因此需要有更大规模和更长期的数据来验证这一疗法。
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1700629641 六、结束语
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1700629643 目前,对GERD的诊治研究逐渐形成了一些共识:①LESP降低为主的因素导致胃、十二指肠液中酸、胆汁和消化酶等对食管黏膜的侵蚀,造成GERD的发生和发展;②有典型反流症状的患者可不通过任何检查,临床诊断为GERD;③确认反流应采用24hpH和胆汁监测,联合食管多极腔内电阻抗检测可以增加诊断GERD的敏感性;④RE及其严重程度的判断依赖于胃镜检查;⑤以PPIs联合促胃动力药及黏膜保护剂的三联疗法可取得满意疗效和高生活质量,效价比较优;⑥抗反流手术时机的选择和对Barrett食管的处理需进一步探讨。
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1700629645 推荐的诊治流程见图3-4。
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1700629650 图3-4 GERD推荐的诊治流程
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1700629652 【思考题】
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1700629654 1.根据GERD的发病机制,提出你认为适当的治疗原则和方法。
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1700629656 2.RE与GERD两者概念上有什么区别?
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1700629658 参考文献
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1700629660 [1] Vakil N, Van Zanten SV, Kahrilas P, et al. The montreal definition and classification of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a global evidence—based consensus. Am J Gastroenterol, 2006, 101(8):1900.
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1700629662 [2] Goldstein JL, Schlesinger PK, Hozwecz HL, et al. Esophageal mucosal resistance: A factor in esophagitis. Gastroenterol Clin North Am, 1990, 19(3):565-586.
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1700629664 [3] Parkmen HP, Fisher RS. Contributing role of motility abnormalities in the pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Dig Dis, 1997, 15 Fisher RS:40-52.
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1700629666 [4] Hu FZ, Donfack J, Ahmed A, et al. Fine mapping a gene for pediatric gastroesophageal reflux on human chromosome 13q14. Hum Genet, 2004, 114(6):562-572.
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1700629668 [5] Berstad A, Weberg R, Froyshow Larsen I, et al. Relationship of hiatus hernia to reflux esophugitis. Scand J Gastroenterol, 1986, 21(1):55-58.
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1700629670 [6] Joelsson B, Johnsson F. Heartburn the acid test. Gut, 1989, 30(11):1573-5.
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1700629672 [7] Marshall RE, Anggiansah A, Owen WA et al. Investigation of gastro oesophageal reflux in patients with an intact stomach: is oesophageal bilirubin monitoring a useful addition to pH monitoring? Scand J Gastroenterol, 2000, 35(9):904-909.
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1700629674 [8] Vaezi MF, Richter RE. Role of acid and duodenogastroesophageal reflux in gastroesophageal reflux disease. Gastroenterology, 1996, 111(5):1192-1199.
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1700629676 [9] Armstrong D, Bennett JR, Blum Al. The endoscopic assessment of esophagitis: a progress report on observer agreement. Gastroenterology, 1996, 111:85-92.
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1700629678 [10] Pandolfino JE, Schreiner MA, Lee TJ, et al. Comparison of the bravo wireless and digitrapper catheter-based pH monitoring systems for measuring esophageal acid exposure. Am J Gastroenterol, 2005. 100:1466.
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1700629680 [11] 于中麟.反流性食管炎的诊断标准及存在的问题.中华内科杂志,2000,39(3):151-152.
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1700629682 [12] 中华医学会消化内镜学会,中华消化内镜杂志编辑部.反流性食管病(炎)诊断及治疗方案(试行).中华消化内镜杂志,1999,16:326.
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