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关于CXCR4的缺失在鼠科动物的胎儿上具致死性,详见:“Mechanism of human stem cell migration and repopulation of NOD/SCID and B2mnull NOD/SCID mice. The role of SDF-1/CXCR4 interactions,” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences ,938(2001).而缺乏CCR5的个体则可存活,详见:“Mice with a selective deletion of the CC chemokine receptors 5 or 2 are protected from dextran sodium sulfate-mediated colitis:lack of CC chemokine receptor 5 expression results in a NK1.1+ lymphocyte-associated Th2-type immune response in the intestine,” Journal of Immunology 164(2000).
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一篇关于移植物抗宿主病的回顾:“Concise review:acute graft-versus-host disease:immunobiology,prevention,and treatment,” Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2(2013).
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更多关于德国骨髓捐赠者登记机构及德国的干细胞移植情况,可参见:http://www.zkrd.de/en/index.php.
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通过美国国家骨髓捐赠程序对数据的累积与分析,骨髓相似度的配对已获成功,以上信息都可参照http://marrow.org/Home.aspx网站中的内容。
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考虑Delta32突变出现的年代,可以假设该突变在西欧人中之所以如此常见恐与腺鼠疫有关,此假设首见于:“Dating the origin of the CCR5-Delta32 AIDS-resistance allele by the coalescence of haplotypes,” American Journal of Human Genetics 62(1998).此理论颇具争议。而其他尝试再现缺陷小鼠的选择压力的研究,也彼此不一致。详见:“Evolutionary genetics:CCR5 mutation and plague protection,” Nature 427(2004);“Evolutionary genetics:ambiguous role of CCR5 in Y. pestis infection,” Nature 430(2004);“The evolutionary history of the CCR5-Delta32 HIV-resistance mutation,” Microbes and Infection ,7(2005);“The Black Death and AIDS:CCR5 Δ32 in genetics and history,” Quarterly Journal of Medicine 99(2006).
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关于人类最早的一个突变,详见:“Adaptive Evolution of the FADS Gene Cluster within Africa,” PLoS One 9(2012).
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14 同情用药豁免
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同情用药豁免,详见于美国食品药品管理局于国会听证会的陈词中:Availability of Loathing:Rants and Raves of a Rag(I)Investigational Drugs for Compassionate Use by Robert Temple(June 20,2001).
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根据美国疾控中心的统计调查,美国国内44%的HIV阳性男性患者并不知道他们已患病:“Prevalence and awareness of HIV infection among men who have sex with men—21 cities,United States,2008,” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 59(2010).
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15 三种致命疾病进场
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关于服用地达诺新(DDI)的困难,有一篇令人捧腹的文章:Queer and Loathing:Rants and Raves of a Raging AIDS Clone by David B. Feinberg(Penguin Books,1995).
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关于地达诺新的生物利用度,可参见百时美施贵宝公司的包装说明中的表10。
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16 家人和陌生人的慰藉
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关于家人的支持对于女、男同性恋者以及双性恋者的健康产生正面影响的研究,包括:“The health of people classified as lesbian,gay and bisexual attending family practitioners in London:a controlled study,” BMC Public Health 6(2006);“Family rejection as a predictor of negative health outcomes in white and Latino lesbian,gay,and bisexual young adults,” Pediatrics 123(2009);“Parents’ supportive reactions to sexual orientation disclosure associated with better health:results from a population-based survey of LGB adults in Massachusetts,” Journal of Homosexuality 59(2012);“A qualitative exploration of sexual risk and HIV testing behaviors among men who have sex with men in Beirut,Lebanon,” PLoS ONE 7(2012).
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关于HIV与恶病质的讨论,详见:“HIV-related cachexia:potential mechanisms and treatment,” Oncology 49(1992).
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关于线粒体、抗逆转录病毒疗法与脂肪萎缩的关联,详见:“Mitochondrial RNA and DNA alterations in HIV lipoatrophy are linked to antiretroviral therapy and not to HIV infection,” Antiviral Therapy 13(2008).
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17 抓住时机
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所有引述与利西耶维兹博士的相关背景信息,皆来自个人访谈。
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关于信使RNA如何进行转译,详见:The Cell:A Molecular Approach ,2nd edition,by Geoffrey Cooper(Sinauer Associates,2000).
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由利西耶维兹开创的基因疗法,可详见她的论文:“Gene therapy approaches to HIV infection,” American Journal of Pharmacogenomics 2(2002).
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关于利西耶维兹与洛里的研究机构的更多信息,详见RIGHT网站:http://www.rightinstitute.net.
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18 移植手术
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一篇关于哪位AML患者应当进行骨髓干细胞移植,以及原因为何的回顾:“Who should be transplanted for AML?” Leukemia 15(2001).
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关于AML患者在二次移植后的低存活率数据,详见:“Prognosis of patients with a second relapse of acute myeloid leukemia,” Leukemia 14(2000). 关于AML复发的成年人患者的5年存活率仅有11%,详见:“Prognostic index for adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia in first relapse,” American Society of Clinical Oncology 23(2005).
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关于调理疗程如何抑制AML移植患者的免疫系统,详见:“Myeloablative conditioning regimens for AML allografts:30 years later,” Bone Marrow Transplantation 32(2003).
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