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关于囊肿性纤维化的基因治疗,详见:“Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein repair as a therapeutic strategy in cystic fibrosis,” Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 16(2010).
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关于帕金森病的基因治疗,详见:“Safety and tolerability of gene therapy with an adeno-associated virus(AAV)borne GAD gene for Parkinson’s disease:an open label,phase I trial,” Lancet 369(2007).
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关于乙型地中海贫血的基因治疗,详见:“Beta-thalassemia treatment succeeds,with a caveat,” Science 326(2009).
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关于遗传性失明的基因治疗,详见:Maguire AM,High KA,Auricchio A,Wright JF,Pierce EA,Testa F,Mingozzi F,Bennicelli JL,Ying GS,Rossi S,et al.,“Age-dependent effects of RPE65 gene therapy for Leber’s congenital amaurosis:a phase 1 dose-escalation trial,” Lancet 374(9701):1597-605;2009.
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关于杰西·格尔辛格于1999年在接受基因治疗后死亡及其对研究引起的冲击,详见:“Gene therapy death prompts review of adenovirus vector,” Science 286(1999).
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关于流行病学及HIV控制者的描述,详见:“Prevalence and comparative characteristics of long-term nonprogressors and HIV controller patients in the French Hospital Database on HIV,” AIDS 23(2009).
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关于淋巴细胞组织大量表现CCR5的现象,详见:“Expression of the chemokine receptors CCR4,CCR5,and CXCR3 by human tissue-infiltrating lymphocytes,” American Journal of Pathology 160(2002).
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关于肠道在HIV急性感染期的重要性的讨论,详见:“Immunopathogenesis of acute AIDS virus infection,” Current Opinion in Immunology 18(2006).
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关于人类白细胞抗原分型与HIV的概论,详见:“HIV and HLA class I:an evolving relationship,” Immunity 37(2012).
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关于HIV控制者的身上常可发现HLA对偶基因B*27和B*57,详见:“HLA alleles associated with delayed progression to AIDS contribute strongly to the initial CD8+ T-cell response against HIV-1,” PLoS Medicine 3(2006).
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关于猴子版的HIV非凡控制,Mamu-A*01对偶基因的出现能够保护灵长类免于SIV的感染,详见:“Mamu-A*01 allele-mediated attenuation of disease progression in simian-human immunodeficiency virus infection,” Journal of Virology 76(2002).
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关于控制着HIV,且位于HLA-B基因沟中的特定氨基酸,详见:“The major genetic determinants of HIV-1 control affect HLA class I peptide presentation,” Science 330(2010).
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关于HLA-B*57与银屑病之关联的探讨,详见:“HLA-B57 is significantly associated with psoriasis in Northeast Romania,” Roumanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology 61(2002).
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12 躲藏起来的疗法
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关于医学院毕业生担任家庭医生的比例,详见:“Entry of US medical school graduates into family medicine residencies,” Family Medicine 44(2012).
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首篇探讨羟基脲临床表现的报告:“Hydroxyurea. a new type of potential antitumor agent,” Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 6(1963).
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关于美国食品药品管理局所核准的羟基脲的基本作用机制和治疗疾病,详载于在市面贩卖的爱治,也就是羟基脲胶囊的商品说明上。此为美国药典出版,百时美施贵宝出品。
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13 第二次确诊
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在美国,2006—2010年,确诊了急性骨髓性白血病(AML)的成年患者,其5年存活率仅有25%。而复发的患者其5年存活率仅有11%。此报告由国家癌症研究所公布于:SEER cancer statistics review,1975-2010 (2012).
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关于AML如何侵入组织,及其在临床上造成的效果的一篇回顾:“Acute myeloid leukaemia in adults,” Lancet 381(2013).
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关于AML中可能发生的免疫抑制现象的讨论,详见:“Commentary:does immune suppression increase risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia?” Leukemia 26(2012).
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关于造血干细胞的更多细节,详见:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Biology ,edited by Motonari Kondo(Humana Press,2010).
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关于异体干细胞的移植,详见:“Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia when a matched related donor is not available,” Hematology 2008(2008).
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利用CXCR4的HIV病毒株在感染进程中较晚出现,关于此现象详见:“The HIV co-receptors CXCR4 and CCR5 are differentially expressed and regulated on human T lymphocytes,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 94(1997).
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关于CXCR4病毒株的致病机制,详见:“Phenotypic and genotypic comparisons of CCR5- and CXCR4-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 biological clones isolated from subtype C-infected individuals,” Journal of Virology 78(2004).
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