打字猴:1.70064943e+09
1700649430
1700649431 逆转录病毒疗法的策略性管理(SMART)改变了早先对于疗程中断的普遍意见,详见:“CD4+ count-guided interruption of antiretroviral treatment:the strategies for management of antiretroviral therapy(SMART)study group,” New England Journal of Medicine 355(2006).
1700649432
1700649433 洛里与利西耶维兹关于羟基脲的研究结果,详见:“Lowering the dose of hydroxyurea minimizes toxicity and maximizes anti-HIV potency,” AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 21(2005).
1700649434
1700649435 22 原理展示
1700649436
1700649437 “我认为这是自从发现病毒以来我听过的最令人振奋的事情。我不相信大家竟然没注意到这件事。”引述自劳伦斯的谈话,收录于:“The Man Who Had HIV and Now Does Not,” New York Magazine (May 29,2011).
1700649438
1700649439 许特尔于2008年加入波士顿智库一事,收录于罗伊娜·约翰斯顿与劳伦斯的合著:“amFAR Think Tanks:A Blueprint for Action Against HIV/AIDS,” amFAR,The Foundation for AIDS Research Newsletter (September 16,2008).
1700649440
1700649441 关于扎亚对HIV的三重复合攻击,详见:“Safety and efficacy of a lentiviral vector containing hree anti-HIV genes—CCR5 ribozyme,tatrev siRNA,and TAR decoy—in SCID-hu mouse-derived T cells,” Molecular Therapy 15(2007).
1700649442
1700649443 扎亚在希望之城以基因疗法对付患者身上的艾滋病和淋巴瘤一事,刊载于:“RNA-based therapy for HIV with lentiviral vector-modified CD34(+)cells in patients undergoing transplantation for AIDS-related lymphoma,” Science Translational Medicine 2(2010).
1700649444
1700649445 23 法庭上的好医生
1700649446
1700649447 直到1991年的德国,美沙酮仍只有在患者处于极为特定的条件下(包含AIDS)才会被列入处方。许多家庭医生则回避了这项规范,将这种药开给了药物成瘾患者。德国惩罚了这些医生,吊销了许多执照。1992年,麻醉品法(《麻醉药品法》,Betäubungsmittelgesetz)让美沙酮合法化。但是,要开此药仍须特殊执照。在德国历史上关于美沙酮的漫长辩论,详见:“Substitution treatment for opiod addicts in Germany,” Harm Reduction Journal 4(2007).
1700649448
1700649449 24 一点也不令人惊讶
1700649450
1700649451 第4届治疗期间艾滋病毒持续性国际研讨会的摘要与会议记录,其中包含加洛的开场白与许特尔的演讲内容。该内容载于全球抗病毒期刊网站:http://www.ihlpress.com/gaj_persistence2009.html.
1700649452
1700649453 关于福奇针对柏林病人所提出的考虑,援引自个人访谈。
1700649454
1700649455 “这很好,而且一点也不令人惊讶,但就现实层面来说实在不可能。”引述自福奇的谈话,摘录:“Rare Treatment Is Reported to Cure AIDS Patient,” New York Times (November 13,2008).
1700649456
1700649457 终身抗病毒疗程的平均花费,在没有折扣的状况下是709731美元,有折扣的状况则是425440美元。详见:“Newer drugs and earlier treatment:impact on lifetime cost of care for HIV-infected adults,” AIDS 26(2012).
1700649458
1700649459 据2011年米利曼医学指数报告的数据,如布朗接受的那种骨髓移植手术,将花费805400美元,详见:http//publications.milliman.com/research/health-rr/pdfs/2011-us-organ-tissue. pdf.
1700649460
1700649461 关于替恩依的花费,详见:“Generic HIV drugs will widen US treatment net,” Nature (August 15,2012).
1700649462
1700649463 关于HIV患者与年长者的神经生理学,详见:“Pathways to neurodegeneration:effects of HIV and aging on resting-state functional connectivity,” Neurology (2013);“Where does HIV hide?A focus on the central nervous system,” Current opinion in HIV and AIDS (2013).
1700649464
1700649465 关于HIV对于神经的侵入状况,详见:“HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder:pathogenesis and therapeutic opportunities,” Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology 5(2010).
1700649466
1700649467 HIV阳性患者在发达国家的平均寿命近年来有跃升趋势,详见:“Life expectancy of individuals on combination antiretroviral therapy in high-income countries:a collaborative analysis of 14 cohort studies,” Lancet 372(2008);“Potential gains in life expectancy from reducing heart disease,cancer,Alzheimer’s disease,kidney disease or HIV/AIDS as major causes of death in the USA,” Public Health (2013).
1700649468
1700649469 早期即开始进行抗病毒治疗的患者,其平均寿命的延长状况,详见:“Projected life expectancy of people with HIV according to timing of diagnosis,” AIDS 26(2012).
1700649470
1700649471 25 兑现承诺
1700649472
1700649473 《以毒攻毒》是由考夫曼执导的一部短片,由红灯出品。详见:http://focusforwardfilms.com/films/72/fire-with-fire.
1700649474
1700649475 关于费城儿童医院所进行的CART-19临床试验的更多细节,详见他们官方网站上的内容:http://www.chop.edu/service/oncology/pediatric-cancer-research/t-cell-therapy.html;http://www.chop.edu/system/galleries/download/pdfs/articles/oncology/summit-grupp -cart19.pdf.
1700649476
1700649477 关于艾米莉·怀特海德的更多故事,详见她的网站。在网站中,她母亲卡里·怀特海德已将其经验用编年方式列出(http://emilywhitehead.com),并收录于:“In Girl’s Last Hope,Altered Immune Cells Beat Leukemia,” New York Times (December 9,2012).
1700649478
1700649479 关于朱恩的背景信息,援引自个人访谈内容。
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