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[13]Clinical Trials Gov. Using Wearable Technology to Predict Perioperative High-Risk Patient Outcomes (STEPS). https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03328039 (2018) (Accessed: 22 September 2018).
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[14]Wong, D. J. N., Harris, S. K. ＆ Moonesinghe, S. R. Cancelled operations:a 7—day cohort study of planned adult inpatient surgery in 245 UK National Health Service hospitals. British Journal of Anaesthesia 121,730—738 (2018).
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[15]Cardiff and Vale NHS Trust. ‘Bed free ward’ in running for national award. http://www.cardiffandvaleuhb.wales.nhs.uk/news/42696 (2016)(Accessed: 22 September 2018).
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[16]Halpern, N. A. ＆ Pastores, S. M. Critical care medicine in the United States 2000—2005: An analysis of bed numbers, occupancy rates, payer mix, and costs. Critical Care Medicine 38 (2010).
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[17]Ridley, S. ＆ Morris, S. Cost effectiveness of adult intensive care in the UK. Anaesthesia 62, 547—554 (2007).
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[18]Vincent, J.-L. et al. Comparison of European ICU patients in 2012(ICON) versus 2002 (SOAP). Intensive Care Med 44, 337—344 (2018).
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[19]Extrapolated from Vincent, J.-L. et al. International study of the prevalence and outcomes of infection in intensive care units. JAMA 302, 2323—2329 (2009).
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[20]Molina, J. A. D., Seow, E., Heng, B. H., Chong, W. F. ＆ Ho, B. Outcomes of direct and indirect medical intensive care unit admissions from the emergency department of an acute care hospital: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open 4, e005553 (2014).
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第二章 免疫系统
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[21]追踪感染发生的准确时间和地点几乎是不可能的。这是一种可能的解释，也是克里斯托弗的家人认为最有可能的感染方式。
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[22]World Health Organization. The WHO Global Health Estimates. WHO(2018).
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[23]Dagher, G. A., Saadeldine, M., Bachir, R., Zebian, D. ＆ Chebl, R. B.Descriptive analysis of sepsis in a developing country. International Journal of Emergency Medicine 8, 19 (2015).
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[24]Suarez De La Rica, A., Gilsanz, F. ＆ Maseda, E. Epidemiologic trends of sepsis in western countries. Annals of Translational Medicine 4,325 (2016).
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[25]GRAM, C. Ueber die isolirte Farbung der Schizomyceten in Schnittund Trockenpraparaten. Fortschritte der Medicin 2, 185—189 (1884). 6 Singer, M. et al. The Third International Consensus Def initions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA 315, 801—810 (2016).
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[26]Singer, M. et al. The Third International Consensus Def initions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA 315, 801—810 (2016).
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[27]Morgan, M. Immune f ingerprinting in acute severe sepsis (Cardiff University, 2014).
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[28]该典故出自童话故事《金发姑娘和三只熊》。
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[29]Walker, L., Levine, H. ＆ Jucker, M. Koch’s postulates and infectious proteins. Acta Neuropathol. 112, 1—4 (2006).
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[30]Zhang, J. et al. Machine-learning algorithms def ine pathogen-specif ic local immune f ingerprints in peritoneal dialysis patients with bacterial infections. Kidney Int. 92, 1—13 (2017).
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[31]虽然她的感染症状是典型的通过家禽传播的症状，但还存在其他可能造成这种情况的原因。
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[32]Petersen, L., Andersen, P. K. ＆ Sørensen, T. I. A. Genetic influences on incidence and case-fatality of infectious disease. PLoS ONE 5,e10603 (2010).
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[33]囊性纤维病变（cystic fibrosis）由基因缺陷所致，它会导致细胞膜对部分离子（比如钠离子）的通透性降低，进而造成黏液分泌过多，而这些黏液不能自由流出呼吸管，造成肺部一再感染，肠道难以吸收营养。
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[34]Kuchenbaecker, K. B. et al. Risks of Breast, Ovarian, and Contralateral Breast Cancer for BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers. JAMA 317,2402—2416 (2017).
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[35]Dillingh, M. R. et al. Characterization of inflammation and immune cell modulation induced by low-dose LPS administration to healthy volunteers. Journal of Inflammation11, 1697 (2014).
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[36]Diggins, F. W. The true history of the discovery of penicillin, with refutation of the misinformation in the literature. Br J Biomed Sci 56,83—93 (1999).
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