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[10] Priestley (1769), p. 622.
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[11] Hartley (1749), part 1, p. 88.
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[12] Bonnet, C. (1755), Essai de psychologie; ou considérations sur les opérations de l’âme, sur l’habitude et sur l’éducation (London: n.p.), p. 268.
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[13] Bonnet, C. (1760), Essai analytique sur les facultés de l’âme (Copenhagen: Philibert), pp. 21–2.
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[14] Home, R. (1970), Journal of the History of Biology 3: 235–51.
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[15] Koehler, P., et al. (2009), Journal of the History of Biology 42: 715–63.
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[16] 材料来自Piccolino, M. (2007), in H. Whitaker, et al. (eds.), Brain, Mind and Medicine
:Neuroscience in the 18th Century (New York: Springer), pp. 125–43; Finger, S. (2013), Progress in Brain Research 205: 3–17。
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[17] 亨利·卡文迪许（1731—1810），英国物理学家、化学家，在力学、电学等领域都有杰出贡献，被认为是牛顿之后英国最伟大的物理学家之一。——译者注
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[18] Home (1970), p. 250.
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[19] Bertholon, P. (1780), De l’électricité du corps humain dans l’état de santé et de maladie (Paris: Didot), pp. 70, 94.
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[20] Galvani, L. (1953), Commentary on the Effect of Electricity on Muscular Motion (Cambridge, MA: Elizabeth Licht); Bresadola, M. (2003), in F. Holmes, et al. (eds.), Reworking the Bench: Research Notebooks in the History of Science (Dordrecht
:Kluwer), pp. 67–92.
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[21] Galvani (1953), p. 46.
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[22] Ibid., p. 97.
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[23] Ibid., pp. 60, 66, 67.
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[24] Ibid., p. 72.
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[25] 本段中的材料来自Valli, E. (1793), Experiments on Animal Electricity, with Their Application to Physiology (London: Johnson), pp. 5, 241–2。
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[26] Fowler, R. (1793), Experiments and Observations Relative to the Influence Lately Discovered by M. Galvani, and Commonly Called Animal Electricity (Edinburgh
:Duncan, Hill, Robertson & Berry, add Mudie).
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[27] Volta, A. (1816), Collezione dell’opere del cavaliere Conte Alessandro Volta, vol. 2, part I (Florence: Piatti), p. 111.
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[28] 亚历山大·洪堡（1769—1859），德国探险家、博物学家、自然地理学家，近代气象学、植物地理学等学科的创始人之一。——译者注
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[29] Finger, S., et al. (2013), Journal of the History of the Neurosciences 22: 237–352.
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[30] Mauro, A. (1969), Journal of the History of Medicine 24: 140–50.
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[31] Hoff, H. (1936), Annals of Science 1: 157–72.对该现象的首次阐述见：Matteucci, C. (1842), Annales de chimie et de physique, Série 36: 301–39。
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[32] Darwin, E. (1801), Zoonomia; Or, the Laws of Organic Life, vol. 1 (London
:Johnson), p. 83.
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[33] Pancaldi, G. (1990), Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences 21
:123–60.
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[34] “原子堆”（atomic pile）这个词是个例外，它仍然被用于描述核反应堆。“原子电池”听起来会很奇怪。
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