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[20] McCulloch, W. and Pitts, W. (1943), Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics 5: 115–33.
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[21] Arbib (2000), p. 207; Kay, L. (2001), Science in Context 14: 591–614, p. 592.
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[22] McCulloch, W. (1965), Embodiments of Mind (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).
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[23] 乔治·布尔（1815—1864），英国数学家、逻辑学家，数理逻辑先驱。——译者注
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[24] Ibid., p. 9.
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[25] Arbib (2000), p. 199.
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[26] 这些引述来自McCulloch and Pitts (1943), pp. 122, 123, 120。
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[27] Masani, P. (1990), Norbert Wiener 1894–1964 (Basel: Birkhaüser Verlag); Kay (2001); Abraham (2004); Piccinini, G. (2004), Synthèse 141: 175–215; Koch, C. (1999), Biophysics of Computation: Information Processing in Single Neurons (New York: Oxford University Press); 关于单个细胞中含有“与”门控的近期例证，见：Dobosiewicz, M., et al. (2019), eLife 8: e50566。
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[28] Heims, S. (1980), John von Neumann&Norbert Weiner: From Mathematics to the Technologies of Life and Death (London: MIT Press), pp. 192–9.
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[29] 这些引述来自von Neumann, J. (1993), IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 15: 27–43, pp. 33, 37, 38。
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[30] Conway and Siegelman (2005).
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[31] Abraham (2016), p. 89.
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[32] Rosenblueth, A., et al. (1943), Philosophy of Science 10: 18–24, p. 20.
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[33] Craik, K. (1943), The Nature of Explanation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), p. 52; Zangwill, O. (1980), British Journal of Psychology 71: 1–16.
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[34] Craik (1943), p. 53.
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[35] Ibid., p. 61.
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[36] Collins, A. (2012), Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 37: 254–68.
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[37] Craik (1943), p. 115.
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[38] Adrian, E. (1947), The Physical Background of Perception (Oxford: Clarendon Press), pp. 93–4.
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[39] Turing, A. (1937), Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society 42: 230–65.
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[40] McCulloch and Pitts (1943), p. 129.
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[41] Von Neumann, J. (1951), in L. Jeffress (ed.), Cerebral Mechanisms in Behavior: The Hixon Symposium (London: Hafner), pp. 1–41, p. 32.
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[42] Soni, J. and Goodman, R. (2017), A Mind at Play: How Claude Shannon Invented the Information Age (London: Simon and Schuster), p. 107.
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[43] Hodges, A. (2012), Alan Turing: The Enigma (London: Vintage), p. 251.
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[44] Heims (1991), p. 20.
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