打字猴:1.700675869e+09
1700675869 [54] 作者此处的引文不详,麦卡洛克这里的意思似乎是只需要“全或无”的反应就能完成脑中的信号传输。——译者注
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1700675871 [55] 冯·诺伊曼于1957年2月8日去世。——译者注
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1700675873 [56] Pias, C. (ed.) (2016), Cybernetics: The Macy Conferences 1946–1953 (Zurich:Diaphenes), pp. 171–202.
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1700675875 [57] 马克斯·德尔布吕克(1906—1981),德裔美籍生物物理学家,因为在病毒复制机制和基因结构领域的发现于1969年与微生物学家萨尔瓦多·卢里亚、遗传学家阿尔弗雷德·赫尔希分享诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。——译者注
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1700675877 [58] Von Neumann, J. (1958), The Computer and the Brain (New Haven: Yale University Press), p. 82.
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1700675879 [59] Olby, R. (1994), The Path to the Double Helix: The Discovery of DNA (New York:Dover), p. 354.
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1700675881 [60] Pias (2016), p. 128.
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1700675883 [61] 成员们对“计算”这个词读音的记忆各不相同,有人记得是读“ratio”,跟表示两个数字比值的单词读音一样,有的人则记得读作“RAT-ee-oh”,在拉丁语中的意思是“计算”。
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1700675885 [62] Conway and Siegelman (2005), pp. 217–29.
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1700675887 [63] Husbands, P. and Holland, O. (2008), in P. Husbands, et al. (eds.), The Mechanical Mind in History (London: MIT Press), pp. 91–148; Pickering, A. (2010), The Cybernetic Brain: Sketches of Another Future (London: University of Chicago Press).
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1700675889 [64] Husbands and Holland (2008), pp. 116–17; Husbands, P. and Holland, O. (2012), Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 37: 237–53.
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1700675891 [65] Hodges (2012), p. 251. 源自霍奇斯对图灵的学生罗宾·甘迪(Robin Gandy)的采访。
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1700675893 [66] Pias (2016), pp. 474–9.
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1700675895 [67] Soni and Goodman (2017), p. 204. 全片见:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vPKkXibQXGA。
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1700675897 [68] Pias (2016), p. 478.
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1700675899 [69] Soni and Goodman (2017), p. 205.
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1700675901 [70] Pias (2016), p. 346.
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1700675903 [71] 我知道这听起来讲不通。这是一个《神秘博士》式的玩笑。
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1700675905 [72] Paul Mandel‘, Deux ex Machina’, The Harvard Crimson , 5 May 1950.
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1700675907 [73] Riskin (2016), p. 321.
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1700675909 [74] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wQE82derooc.
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1700675911 [75] Pias (2016), pp. 593–619; Dupuy, J.-P. (2009), On the Origins of Cognitive Science:The Mechanization of the Mind (London: MIT Press), pp. 148–50.
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1700675913 [76] 阿什比书中的内容并不像书名表现的那么有料,见:Ashby, R. (1952), Design for a Brain (London: Chapman&Hall)。对稳态保持器的探索既有有用的研究(比如,Cariani, P., 2009, International Journal of General Systems 38: 139–54),也有晦涩到令人恼火的研究(比如,Dupuy, 2009)。
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1700675915 [77] Dupuy (2009); Boden (2006), vol. 1, pp. 222–32.
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1700675917 [78] Ryle, G. (1949), The Concept of Mind (London: Hutchinson); Turing, A. (1950), Mind 59: 433–60.
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