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45 Porter, R. H.,Cernoch, J.M.&Balogh, R.D.‘Odor signatures and kin recognition’.Physiology and Behavior ,34,445-8(1985).
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46 Weisfeld, G. E.et al.‘Possible olfaction-based mechanisms in human kin recognition and inbreeding avoidance’.Journal of Experimental Child Psychology ,85,279-95(2003).
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47 Wedekind, C.‘Body odours and body odour preferences in humans’inThe Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology (eds. Dunbar, R.&Barrett, L.)(Oxford University Press,2007).
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48 Lewis, P.‘Musical minds’.Trends in Cognitive Science ,6,364(2002).
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49 Mousterian‘Bone Flute’and Other Finds from Divje Babe I Cave Site in Slovenia .(Znanstvenoraziskovalni Centre Sazu,2007).
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50 Huron, D.‘Is music an evolutionary adaptation?’Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences ,930,43-61(2001).
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51 Barrow, J. D.Tee Artful Universe.Tee Biological Foundations of Music (Clarendon Press,1995)
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52 Pinker, S.How the Mind Works .(W. W.Norton,1997).
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53 同上。
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54 Molino, J.‘Toward an evolutionary theory of music and language’inTee Origins of Music (eds.Wallin, N.,Merker, B.&Brown, S.),165-76(MIT Press,2000).
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55 Huron,2001.在伊斯兰教传统中,一种普遍的观点是音乐可能会让人分心,干扰生活中重要的事情,更糟糕的情况是会导致放荡的行为。然而,自由欧洲电台的记者约翰·贝利(John Baily)指出,“其实说塔利班禁止音乐是不对的。他们禁止了乐器以及所有需要用乐器制作的音乐,而很可能只有一个例外,就是架子鼓——因为圣训说,先知穆罕默德赞成或允许在婚礼等庆祝仪式上用架子鼓演奏。”Baily, J.,British Journal of Ethnomusicology :‘It isn’t actually correct to say Taliban have banned music’.Radio Liberty ,22 June 2009.
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56 Merriam, A. P.The Anthropology of Music .(Northwestern University Press,1964).
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57 Cross, I.‘Music, cognition, culture and evolution’.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences ,930,28-42(2001);另请参阅 Storr, A.Music and the Mind.(Random House,1992).
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58 Dunbar, R.Human Evolution. Music, Cognition, Culture and Evolution (Pelican,2014).
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59 McNeill, W. H.Keeping Together in Time .(Harvard University Press,1995).
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60 Cross,2001.
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61 Trevarthen, C.‘Musicality and the intrinsic motive pulse:evidence from human psychobiology and infant communication’.Musicae Scientiae ,155-215(2000).
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62 Cross,2001.
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63 杏仁核得名于拉丁语中的“像杏仁一样的形状”,位于颞叶深处,是边缘系统的一部分,与多个脑区相连。因此,它与一系列情绪与记忆功能相关。请参阅两篇近期的综述研究:LaLumiere, R.T.‘Optogenetic dissection of amygdala functioning’.Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience ,8,107(2014)以及 Fernando, A.B.P.,Murray, J.E.&Milton, A.L.‘The amygdala:securing pleasure and avoiding pain’.Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience ,7,190(2013).
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64 Gosselin, N. et al.‘Impaired recognition of scary music following unilateral temporal lobe excision’.Brain ,128,628-40(2005).另外,如需了解音乐相关的部分,请参阅Griffths, T.D.et al.‘“When the feeling’s gone”:a selective loss of musical emotion’.Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery&Psychiatry ,75,344-5(2004).
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65 Panksepp, J.‘The emotional sources of“chills”induced by music’.Music Perception ,13,171-207(1995)
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66 Salimpoor, V. N.et al.‘Anatomically distinct dopamine release during anticipation and experience of peak emotion to music’.Nature Neuroscience ,14,257-62(2011).
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67 Wise, R. A.‘Forebrain substrates of reward and motivation’.Journal of Comparative Neurology ,493,115-21(2005).
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68 Small, D. M.et al.‘Changes in brain activity related to eating chocolate:from pleasure to aversion’.Brain ,124,1720-33(2001).
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69 Breiter, H. C.et al.‘Acute effects of cocaine on human brain activity and emo-tion’.Neuron ,19,591-611(1997).
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