打字猴:1.70068785e+09
1700687850 18  Stetson, C.,Fiesta, M. P.&Eagleman, D.M.‘Does time really slow down during a frightening event?’PLoS One ,2,e1295(2007).
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1700687852 19  Tang, Y.-Y.,Hölzel, B.K.&Posner, M.I.‘The neuroscience of mindfulness meditation’.Nature Reviews Neuroscience ,16,213-25(2015).
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1700687854 20  Eagleman,2008.
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1700687856 21  一种答案是发生了某种低水平的适应:例如,对闪烁刺激的适应会导致个体对随后出现的刺激时长的估计发生扭曲,但这一现象只在刺激呈现于较小的局部空间中时才会发生。由于这一效应如此具有局限性,这意味着在更基础、更早期的视觉区域中存在某些定时的神经元机制。由于这种效果范围极小,因此暗示出,在更为基本、更为早期的视觉区域中,存在着某些用于计时的神经机制。而另一个完全不同的想法是,在大脑处理时间度量的另一个极端上,持续的时间是神经元所消耗的净能量数的一个指标。而这些都是需要加以鉴别的物理的、客观的事件……但我们应该从哪里开始,又通过什么方法进行呢?Johnston, A.,Arnold, D.H.&Nishida, S.‘Spatially localized distortions of event time’.Current Biology ,16,472-9(2006).Pariyadath, V.&Eagleman, D.‘The effect of predictability on subjective duration’.PLoS One ,2,e1264(2007).
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1700687858 22  New&Scholl,2009.
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1700687860 23  Stetson, Fiesta&Eagleman,2007.
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1700687862 24  Matthews, W. J.,Stewart, N.&Wearden, J.H.‘Stimulus intensity and the perception of duration’.Journal of Experimental Psychology.Human Perception and Performance ,37,303-13(2011).
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1700687864 25  Droit-Volet, S.,Fayolle, S. L.&Gil, S.‘Emotion and time perception:effects of flm-induced mood’.Frontiers in Integrated Neuroscience ,5,33(2011).
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1700687866 26  Levy, F.&Swanson, J. M.‘Timing, space and ADHD:the dopamine theory revisited’.Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry ,35,504-11(2001).
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1700687868 27  Parsons, B. D.et al.‘Lengthened temporal integration in schizophrenia’.Neu-ropsychologia ,51,372-6(2013).
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1700687870 28  Franck, N. et al.‘Altered subjective time of events in schizophrenia’.Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease ,193,350-3(2005).
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1700687872 29  Wittmann, M. et al.‘Impaired time perception and motor timing in stimu-lant-dependent subjects’.Drug and Alcohol Dependence ,90,183-92(2007);另请参阅Cheng, R.-K.,MacDonald, C.J.&Meck, W.H.‘Differential effects of cocaine and ketamine on time estimation:implications for neurobiological models of interval timing’.Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior ,85,114-22(2006).
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1700687874 30  Tinklenberg, J. R.,Roth, W.T.&Kopell, B.S.‘Marijuana and ethanol:differential effects on time perception, heart rate and subjective response.Psychophar-macology (Berl),49,275-9(1976).
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1700687876 31  Arzy, S.,Molnar-Szakacs, I.&Blanke, O.‘Self in time:imagined self-location influences neural activity related to mental time travel’.Journal of Neuroscience ,28,6502-7(2008).
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1700687878 32  Kolb, B. et al.‘Experience and the developing prefrontal cortex’.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA ,109(suppl.),17186-93(2012).
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1700687880 33  Cooper, B. B.‘The science of time perception:stop it slipping away by doing new things’.Buffer Blog (2013).
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1700687882 34  Brown, J.‘Motion expands perceived time. On time perception in visual move-ment fields’.Psychologische Forschung ,14,233-48(1931).
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1700687884 35  Eagleman,2008;see also Schiffman, H. R.&Bobko, D.J.‘Effects of stimulus complexity on the perception of brief temporal intervals’.Journal of Experimental Psychology ,103,156-9(1974).
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1700687886 36  Lucentini, J.‘It’s neuron time’.Science ,17,32-3(Nov. 2003).
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1700687888 37  时空流形是一种数学模型,它可以从小到亚原子,大到超星系的尺度上将时间和空间描述为一个单一的连续统一体,其中时间作为第四个维度,被称为闵可夫斯基空间(Minkowski space),作为我们所熟知的三维空间的补充。这种流形可以是“非定位的”,因为它完全无法用空间坐标进行定义。
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1700687890 38  Critchley, M.The Parietal Lobes .(Edwin Arnold,1953).
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1700687892 39  Walsh,2003.
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1700687894 40  Mitchell, C. T.&Davis, R.‘The perception of time in scale model environments’.Perception ,16,5-16(1987).
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1700687896 41  DeLong, A. J.‘Phenomenological space-time:toward an experiential relativity’.Science ,213,681-3(1981).
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1700687898 42  Rudd, M.,Vohs, K. D.&Aaker, J.‘Awe expands people’s perception of time, alters decision making and enhances well-being’.Psychological Science ,23,1130-6(2012).
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