打字猴:1.70069727e+09
1700697270
1700697271 维多利亚时代的牙医:Review of J. Sim Wallace,The Physiology of Oral Hygiene and Recent Research,with Special Reference to Accessory Food Factors and the Incidence of Dental Caries(London: Ballière,Tindall and Cox,1929),in Journal of the American Medical Association 95,no. 11(Sept. 1930): 819。
1700697272
1700697273 19世纪:我说的是爱德华·梅兰比,一位英国研究人员,他将我们的脸部萎缩归咎于现代饮食中维生素D的缺乏。他将因为自己的研究成果而被授予骑士勋章。一位名叫珀西·豪的美国牙医认为,牙齿不整齐是缺乏维生素C造成的。
1700697274
1700697275 “我们一直都很清楚”:Earnest A. Hooton,foreword to Weston A. Price,Nutrition and Physical Degeneration(New York: Paul B. Hoeber,1939).“Let us cease pretending that toothbrushes and toothpaste are any more important than shoe brushes and shoe polish. It is store food that has given us store teeth,”Hooton wrote in his own book,Apes,Men,and Morons(New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons,1937)。
1700697276
1700697277 普莱斯发现有些部落:后来,当普莱斯在他位于克利夫兰的实验室里检查来自洛桑塔尔村(Loetschental)的面包和奶酪样品时,他发现其中所含的维生素A和D是当时典型的现代美国饮食中所有食物的10倍。普莱斯对死者也进行了研究。在秘鲁,他煞费苦心地分析了1276个头骨,这些头骨的年龄从几百年到几千年不等。没有一个头骨的牙弓是畸形的,没有一张脸是畸形的或怪异的。Weston A. Price,Nutrition and Physical Degeneration,8th ed.(Lemon Grove,CA: Price-Pottenger Nutrition Foundation,2009)。
1700697278
1700697279 猎食野生动物:普莱斯曾在加拿大北部访问印第安人。他们在漫长的冬天无法获得水果或蔬菜,因此身体缺乏维生素C。普莱斯注意到,他们本应得坏血病或因病死亡,但他们看起来却非常健康。一位年长的酋长向普莱斯描述了部落如何杀死一头驼鹿:剖开它的背部,在肾脏上方拉出两个小的脂肪球。他们会把小球切开,在家族中分发。普莱斯后来发现,这些球是肾上腺,是所有动物和植物组织中最丰富的维生素C来源。
1700697280
1700697281 他们质疑的是:“Nutrition and Physical Degeneration: A Comparison of Primitive and Modern Diets and Their Effects,”Journal of the American Medical Association 114,no. 26(June 1940): 2589,https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/1160631?redirect=true。
1700697282
1700697283 鼻窦球囊扩张术:纳亚克谨慎地指出,这些患者是经过严格挑选的,而且在另外一年的时间里,患者不需要其他程序性治疗。他告诉我,鼻窦球囊扩张术对这些患者有效,但不是对所有人都有效。
1700697284
1700697285 鼻内瓣膜区凹陷:Jukka Tikanto and Tapio Pirilä,“Effects of the Cottle’s Maneuver on the Nasal Valve as Assessed by Acoustic Rhinometry,”American Journal of Rhinology 21,no. 4(July 2007): 456–59。
1700697286
1700697287 鼻中隔偏曲:Shawn Bishop,“If Symptoms Aren’t Bothersome,Deviated Septum Usually Doesn’t Require Treatment,”Mayo Clinic News Network,July 8,2011,https://newsnetwork. mayoclinic.org/discussion/if-symptoms-arent-bothersome-deviated-septum-usually-doesnt-require-treatment/。
1700697288
1700697289 一半的人:Sanford M. Archer and Arlen D. Meyers,“Turbinate Dysfunction,”Medscape,Feb. 13,2019。
1700697290
1700697291 切除了他四分之三的鼻甲:彼得的故事特别令人揪心。在他的手术后,医生给他开了抗抑郁药,并告诉他,他只是有了与年龄有关的问题。接下来的三年里,他学习用x射线构建一个复杂的三维模型,然后他将用这个模型来测量所谓的“计算流体动力学”。这些前后的模型和数据使他能够确定气流速度、分布、温度、压力、阻力和湿度的确切变化,这些变化受到他以前的鼻甲手术的影响。总的来说,他的鼻腔比正常或健康的鼻腔大四倍。他的鼻子已经失去了适当加热空气的能力,空气以两倍于正常的速度通过鼻子。彼得说,尽管如此,医学界的很大一部分人仍然认为,空鼻症是一个心理问题,而不是生理问题。在这里可以阅读更多关于彼得的研究:http://emptynosesyndromeaerodynamics.com。
1700697292
1700697293 想过去死:医学界普遍认为,空鼻症不是鼻子的问题,而是心理问题。在《洛杉矶时报》的一篇文章中,一位医生提到了空鼻症,他称其为“空头综合症”。Aaron Zitner,“Sniffing at Empty Nose Idea,”Los Angeles Times,May 10,2001; Cedric Lemogne et al.,“Treating Empty Nose Syndrome as a Somatic Symptom Disorder,”General Hospital Psychiatry 37,no. 3(May–June 2015): 273.e9–e10; Joel Oliphint,“Is Empty Nose Syndrome Real? And If Not,Why Are People Killing Themselves Over It?,”BuzzFeed,Apr. 14,2016; Yin Lu,“Kill the Doctors,”Global Times,Nov. 26,2013,http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/827820.shtml。
1700697294
1700697295 几百名空鼻症受害者:数十名研究人员证实了彼得和其他空鼻症患者所报告的情况:这种情况正是鼻外科手术造成的真实的、可测量的损害。Chengyu Li,Alexander A. Farag,James Leach,Bhakthi Deshpande,et al.“Computational Fluid Dynamics and Trigeminal Sensory Examinations of Empty Nose Syndrome Patients,”Laryngoscope,June 1,2018,E176-184; Jennifer Malik,et al.“The Cotton Test Redistributes Nasal Airflow in Patients with Empty Nose Syndrome,”International Forum of Allergy&Rhinology,Jan. 2020,539-545.
1700697296
1700697297 将近五分之一:奥列芬特:“空鼻症是真的吗?”
1700697298
1700697299 注意缺陷多动障碍:Michael L. Gelb,“Airway Centric TMJ Philosophy,”CDA Journal 42,no. 8(Aug. 2014): 551–62,https://pdfs. semanticscholar.org/8bc1/8887d39960f9c ce328f5c61ee356e11d0c09.pdf。
1700697300
1700697301 气道阻塞:Felix Liao,Six-Foot Tiger,Three-Foot Cage: Take Charge of Your Health by Taking Charge of Your Mouth(Carlsbad,CA: Crescendo,2017),59。
1700697302
1700697303 弗里德曼舌位高度分级:Rebecca Harvey et al.,“Friedman Tongue Position and Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea,”Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology 2,no. 5(Aug. 2017): 320–24; Pippa Wysong,“Treating OSA? Don’t Forget the Tongue,”ENTtoday,Jan. 1,2008,https://www.enttoday.org/article/treating-osa-dont-forget-the-tongue/。
1700697304
1700697305 堵塞咽喉:An overview of this dilemma can be found on Dr. Eric Kezirian’s website: https://sleep-doctor.com/blog/new-research-treating-the-large-tongue-in-sleep-apnea-surgery。
1700697306
1700697307 超过43厘米:Liza Torborg,“Neck Size One Risk Factor for Obstructive Sleep Apnea,”Mayo Clinic,June 20,2015,https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/mayo-clinic-q-and-a-neck-size-one-risk-factor-for-obstructive-sleep-apnea/。
1700697308
1700697309 气道阻塞有90%:Gelb,“Airway Centric TMJ Philosophy”; Luqui Chi et al.,“Identification of Craniofacial Risk Factors for Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Using Three-Dimensional MRI,”European Respiratory Journal 38,no. 2(Aug. 2011): 348–58。
1700697310
1700697311 在儿童患者身上效果尤其明显:根据盖尔伯的说法,6个月大时出现呼吸问题的婴儿从4岁左右开始出现行为问题(包括多动症)的概率要高40%。Michael Gelb and Howard Hindin,Gasp! Airway Health—The Hidden Path to Wellness(self-published,2016),Kindle location 850。
1700697312
1700697313 注意缺陷多动障碍患儿:Chai Woodham,“Does Your Child Really Have ADHD?,”U.S. News,June 20,2012,https://health.usnews.com/health-news/articles/2012/06/20/does-your-child-really-have-adhd。
1700697314
1700697315 几年后可能出现……问题:关于这个非常普遍且令人沮丧的主题还有许多,“研究发现,扁桃体切除术后,孩子表现更好,睡眠更好”。press release,University of Michigan Health System,Apr. 3,2006,https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2006-04/uomh-kba032806.php; Susan L. Garetz,“Adenotonsillectomy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children,”UptoDate,Oct。2019,https://www.uptodate.com/contents/adenotonsillectomy-for-obstructive-sleep-apnea-in-children。值得注意的是,根据几项研究发现,大多数口呼吸的孩子也会睡眠不足,而睡眠不足会对他们的成长产生直接影响。Yosh Jefferson,“Mouth Breathing: Adverse Effects on Facial Growth,Health,Academics,and Behavior,”General Dentistry 58,no. 1(Jan.–Feb. 2010): 18–25; Carlos Torre and Christian Guilleminault,“Establishment of Nasal Breathing Should Be the Ultimate Goal to Secure Adequate Craniofacial and Airway Development in Children,”Jornal de Pediatria 94,no. 2(Mar.–Apr. 2018): 101–3.一项对1900名儿童进行了15年跟踪调查的研究发现,患有严重打鼾、睡眠呼吸暂停和其他睡眠呼吸障碍的儿童肥胖的可能性是不打鼾儿童的两倍。症状最严重的儿童患肥胖症的风险增加了60%到100%。“Short Sleep Duration and Sleep-Related Breathing Problems Increase Obesity Risk in Kids,”press release,Albert Einstein College of Medicine,Dec. 11,2014。
1700697316
1700697317 诺尔曼·金斯利:Sheldon Peck,“Dentist,Artist,Pioneer: Orthodontic Innovator Norman Kingsley and His Rembrandt Portraits,”Journal of the American Dental Association 143,no. 4(Apr. 2012): 393–97。
1700697318
1700697319 皮埃尔·罗宾:Ib Leth Nielsen,“Guiding Occlusal Development with Functional Appliances,”Australian Orthodontic Journal 14,no. 3(Oct. 1996): 133–42; “Functional Appliances,”British Orthodontic Society; John C. Bennett,Orthodontic Management of Uncrowded Class II Division 1 Malocclusion in Children(St. Louis: Mosby/Elsevier,2006); “Isolated Pierre Robin sequence,”Genetics Home Reference,https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/isolated-pierre-robin-sequence。
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