打字猴:1.70069755e+09
1700697550
1700697551 放慢呼吸,减少通气:Herbert Benson et al.,“Body Temperature Changes during the Practice of g Tummo Yoga,”Nature 295(1982):234–36; William J. Cromie,“Meditation Changes Temperatures,”The Harvard Gazette,Apr. 18,2002。
1700697552
1700697553 很明显出现了异常:我向著名的生理学家、佛罗里达大学的教授保罗·达文波特博士提出了这个问题。他在几个小时内回复我说,“有趣的问题,我的回答将是适当的,只是学术上很模糊,自愿过度通气的效果取决于多个因素,包括区域血液分布、血气变化程度、脑脊液(CSF)缓冲能力降低、心脏血液输出量变化、pH平衡补偿、时间和未知因素。关于血液和脑脊液对自愿过度通气的生理反应的研究是相对直接的。然而,对生理变化的认知反应则相对模糊和复杂。”在邮件的最后,他告诉我,他正在对这个问题进行详细的分析,这需要一些时间来整理。在回我邮件的时候,他还在继续写。我会把它贴在我的网站上:mrjamesnestor.com/breath。在此期间,你可以在这里详细了解最新研究:I. A. Bubeev,“The Mechanism of Breathing under the Conditions of Prolonged Voluntary Hyperventilation,”Aerospace and Environmental Medicine 33,no. 2(1999):22–26; J. S. Querido and A. W. Sheel,“Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow during Exercise,”Sports Medicine 37,no. 9(Oct. 2007),765–82。
1700697554
1700697555 这类呼吸技巧背后隐藏的机制:Iuriy A. Bubeev and I. B. Ushakov,“The Mechanism of Breathing under the Conditions of Prolonged Voluntary Hyperventilation,”Aerospace and Environmental Medicine 33,no. 2(1999):22–26; Seymour S. Kety and Carl F. Schmidt,“The Effects of Altered Arterial Tensions of Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen on Cerebral Blood Flow and Cerebral Oxygen Consumption of Normal Young Men,”Journal of Clinical Investigation 27,no. 4(1948):484–92; Querido and Sheel,“Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow during Exercise”; Shinji Naganawa et al.,“Regional Differences of fMR Signal Changes Induced by Hyperventilation:Comparison between SE-EPI and GE-EPI at 3-T,”Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 15,no. 1(Jan. 2002):23–30; S. Posse et al.,“Regional Dynamic Signal Changes during Controlled Hyperventilation Assessed with Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent Functional MR Imaging,”American Journal of Neuroradiology 18,no. 9(Oct. 1997):1763–70。
1700697556
1700697557 同时出现在印度和中国:更具体地说,有关普拉那的文字出现在大约3000年前的印度,大约2500年前出现在殷周时期的中国。
1700697558
1700697559 经脉像能量场一样:古印第安人认为尸体中有72000到350000个管道。没人知道他们是怎么数出来的。
1700697560
1700697561 从未实际观测到普拉那:Sat Bir Singh Khalsa et al.,Principles and Practice of Yogain Health Care(Edinburgh:Handspring,2016)。
1700697562
1700697563 从未确认过它的存在:还有一些奇怪的、令人着迷的,政府支持的关于移动这种“重要能量”的可能性的研究。来看一下这张1986年的珍贵研究报告,不知怎么从中情局的网站泄露出来:Lu Zuyin et al.,“Physical Effects of Qi on Liquid Crystal,”CIA,https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP96-00792R000200160001-8.pdf。
1700697564
1700697565 精神科医生培训中心:Justin O’Brien(Swami Jaidev Bharati),Walking with a Himalayan Master:An American’s Odyssey(St. Paul,MN:Yes International,1998,2005),58,241; Pandit Rajmani Tigunait,At the Eleventh Hour:The Biography of Swami Rama(Honesdale,PA:Himalayan Institute Press,2004); “Swami Rama,Researcher/Scientist,”Swami Rama Society,http://www.swamiramasociety.org/project/swami-rama-researcherscientist/。
1700697566
1700697567 从3岁起:“Swami Rama,Himalayan Master,Part 1,”YouTube,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S1sZNbRH2N8。
1700697568
1700697569 办公室不大,四面皆白:“Swami Rama at the Menninger Clinic,Topeka,Kansas,”Kansas Historical Society,https://www.kshs.org/index.php?url=km/items/view/226459。
1700697570
1700697571 退伍军人管理局医院:明尼苏达州退伍军人管理医院医疗卫生诊所主任丹尼尔·弗格森医生几个月前曾证明,斯瓦米·拉玛有能力让他的脉搏一次“消失”几分钟。Erik Peper et al.,eds.,Mind/Body Integration:Essential Readings in Biofeedback(New York:Plenum Press,1979),135。
1700697572
1700697573 30秒:实际记录的时间是17秒,但拉玛在技术人员准备好之前几秒就进入了这个心率状态。这个细节引自贾斯汀·奥布莱恩的《健康树》:The Six-Step Program for Creating Optimal Wellness(Yes International,2000)。
1700697574
1700697575 这次实验的结果:Gay Luce and Erik Peper,“Mind over Body,Mind over Mind,”The New York Times,Sept. 12,1971。
1700697576
1700697577 不出15分钟:Marilynn Wei and James E. Groves,The Harvard Medical School Guide to Yoga(New York:Hachette,2017); Jon Shirota,“Meditation:A State of Sleepless Sleep,”June 1973,http://hihtindia.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/swamiramaprobe1973.pdf。
1700697578
1700697579 电视访谈节目:“Swami Rama:Voluntary Control over Involuntary States,”YouTube,Jan. 22,2017,1:17,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yv_D3ATDvVE。
1700697580
1700697581 法国一位……心脏病学家:Mathias Gardet,“Thérèse Brosse(1902–1991),”https://repenf.hypotheses.org/795; “Biofeedback Research and Yoga,”Yoga and Consciousness Studies,http://www.yogapsychology.org/art_biofeedback.html; Brian Luke Seaward,Managing Stress:Principles and Strategies for Health and Well-Being(Burlington,MA:Jones&Bartlett Learning,2012); M. A. Wenger and B. K. Bagchi,“Studies of Autonomic Functions in Practitioners of Yoga in India,”Behavioral Science 6,no. 4(Oct. 1961):312–23。
1700697582
1700697583 目标是:“Swami Rama Talks:2:1 Breathing Digital Method,” Swami Rama. YouTube,May 23,2019,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PYVrB36FrQw; “Swami Rama Talks:OM Kriya pt. 1,”Swami Rama. YouTube,May 28,2019,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ygvnWEnvWCQ。
1700697584
1700697585 拉玛显然……学到了:拉玛,显然,并非全然平和、光明磊落。1994年,一名曾就读于喜马拉雅研究院的女性指控拉玛在她19岁时性侵过她,而他那时已经60多岁了。四年后,拉玛去世,陪审团判给这位妇女近200万美元的赔偿金。喜马拉雅研究所的管理层认为,审判是不公平的,因为拉玛甚至没有在场提供他自己的观点。然而,这一事件仍然玷污了拉玛在国内外的声名。William J. Broad,“Yoga and Sex Scandals:No Surprise Here,”The New York Times,Feb. 27,2012。
1700697586
1700697587 阿尔伯特·森特-哲尔吉:Biogra-phical information is summarized from the following sources:Robyn Stoller,“The Full Story of Dr. Albert Szent-Györgyi,”National Foundation for Cancer Research,Dec. 9,2017,https://www.nfcr.org/blog/full-story-of-dr-albert-szent-gyorgyi/; Albert Szent-Györgyi,“Biographical Overview,”National Library of Medicine,https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/spotlight/wg/feature/biographical; Robert A. Kyle and Marc A. Shampo,“Albert Szent-Györgyi—Nobel Laureate,”Mayo Clinic Proceedings 75,no. 7(July 2000):722; “Albert Szent-Györgyi:Scurvy:Scourge of the Sea,”Science History Institute,https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/albert-szent-gyorgyi。
1700697588
1700697589 “一切活的有机体”:Albert Szent-Györgyi,“Muscle Research,”Scientific American 180(June 1949):22–25。
1700697590
1700697591 生命力也就越强:据亚利桑那大学的研究人员所说,区分动物大脑进化大小的是他们进行耐力锻炼的能力。耐力越大,大脑就越大。推动这一能力的,是能够提高呼吸效率的更大的肺。这有助于解释为什么哺乳动物的大脑比非哺乳动物的大脑大,为什么人类、鲸鱼和海豚的大脑在数百万年里保持如此快速的增长,而爬行动物的大脑却没有。有氧呼吸就等于能量增大,也就促使他们更快进化。可以说,我们强健的呼吸能力帮助我们成为了人类。David A. Raichlen and Adam D. Gordon,“Relationship between Exercise Capacity and Brain Size in Mammals,”PLoS One 6,no. 6(June 2011):e20601; “Functional Design of the Respiratory System,”medicine. mcgill.ca,https://www.medicine.mcgill.ca/physio/resp-web/TEXT1.htm; Alexis Blue,“Brain Evolved to Need Exercise,”Neuroscience News,June 26,2017,https://neurosciencenews.com/evolution-brain-exercise-6982/。
1700697592
1700697593 几百万年里:Bettina E. Schirr-meister et al.,“Evolution of Multicellularity Coincided with Increased Diversification of Cyanobacteria and the Great Oxidation Event,”PNAS 110,no. 5(Jan. 2013):1791–96。
1700697594
1700697595 “生命状态”:Albert Szent-Györgyi,“The Living State and Cancer,”Physiological Chemistry and Physics,Dec. 1980。
1700697596
1700697597 “简单又奇妙”:森特-哲尔吉引自奥地利荷兰理论物理学家P.埃伦费斯特。
1700697598
1700697599 开始瓦解:G. E. W. Wolstenholme et al.,eds.,Submolecular Biology and Cancer(Hoboken,NJ:John Wiley&Sons,2008):143。
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