1700987663
1700987664
1700987665
1700987666
1700987667
1700987668
1700987669
1700987670
图 7-81
1700987671
1700987672
则有
1700987673
1700987674
1700987675
1700987676
1700987677
对于振动频率高于10Hz的声波,体积V的变化迅速,过程中气体间的热传导可略,即为绝热过程.将空气处理成理想气体,由热学理论可知绝热过程中变化的p,V间有下述关联:
1700987678
1700987679
pVγ=常量,
1700987680
1700987681
式中γ是由气体结构性质确定的常数,称为绝热指数.上式两边取微分,可得
1700987682
1700987683
1700987684
1700987685
1700987686
则
1700987687
1700987688
1700987689
1700987690
1700987691
如图7-82所示,在此空气柱中再取x到x+∆x小段,其中∆x仍是小量.无声波时,x侧面和x+∆x侧面处的压强同为p0,有声波时压强分别为
1700987692
1700987693
1700987694
1700987695
1700987696
1700987697
1700987698
1700987699
图 7-82
1700987700
1700987701
p(x),p(x+∆x)与p0差异很小,近似有
1700987702
1700987703
1700987704
1700987705
1700987706
空气柱的振动加速度∂2ξ/∂t2由两个侧面压力差提供,设无声波时的空气密度为ρ0,则有
1700987707
1700987708
1700987709
1700987710
1700987711
得
1700987712
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