1701121979
[5] Veyne,Lepain et le cirque ,383-98.
1701121980
1701121981
[6] J. T. Peña,“The Mobilization of State Olive Oil in Roman Africa:The Evidence of the Late Fourth-Century Ostraca from Carthage,” in Carthage Papers ,ed. Peña et al.,Journal of Roman Archaeology Supplement 28 (Portsmouth,RI:Journal of Roman Archaeology,1998),117-238.
1701121982
1701121983
[7] Augustine,Enarrationes in Psalmos 149.9.
1701121984
1701121985
[8] 新的研究参见L. Lugaresi,“Regio aliena :L’atteggiamento della chiesa verso i luoghi di spettacolo nelle città tardoantiche,” 以及N. Belayche,“Des lieux pour le ‘profane’ dans l’empire tardo-antique?Les fêtes entre koinônia sociale et espaces de rivalités religieuses,” Antiquité tardive 15 (2007) [=Jeux et spectacles dans l’Antiquité tardive ]:21-34 and 35-46. Veyne,“Païens etcharité chrétienne devant les gladiateurs,” in L’empire gréco-romaine ,545-631。
1701121986
1701121987
[9] John of Ephesus,Ecclesiastical History 5.17,trans. R. Payne Smith (Oxford:Oxford University Press,1860),226;see P. Brown,The Rise of Western Christendom:Triumph and Diversity,A.D. 200-1000 ,2nd ed. (Oxford:Blackwell,2003),170-72.
1701121988
1701121989
[10] A.D. Momigliano,“Introduction:Christianity and the Decline of the Roman Empire,” in The Conflict between Paganism and Christianity ,9.
1701121990
1701121991
[11] K.M. Hopkins,Death and Renewal (Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1983),9.
1701121992
1701121993
[12] L.B. Namier,The Structure of Politics at the Accession of George III ,2nd ed. (London:Macmillan,1957),162-72.
1701121994
1701121995
[13]Concilium in Causa Apiarii ,canon 15,Concilia Africae ,a. 345-a. 525,ed. C. Munier,CCSL 149 (Turnhout:Brepols,1974),105.
1701121996
1701121997
[14] J. Gernet,Buddhism in Chinese Society:An Economic History from the Fifth to the Tenth Centuries (New York:Columbia University Press,1995),241.
1701121998
1701121999
[15] Jerome,Letter 22.11-25(致保拉的书信,关于尤斯托奇乌姆)。
1701122000
1701122001
[16] Jerome,Letter 66.5-11(致潘马奇乌斯的书信)。
1701122002
1701122003
[17] P. Brown,The Body and Society:Men,Women and Sexual Renunciation in Early Christianity ,reprint with new introduction (New York:Columbia University Press,2008),341-86.
1701122004
1701122005
[18] Artemidorus,Oneirocriticon 3.53,trans. R.J. White,The Interpretation of Dreams (Park Ridge,NJ:Noyes Press,1975),171.
1701122006
1701122007
[19] Lactantius,Divine Institutes 6.11.18 and 28 with 6.12.2,Bowen and Garnsey,pp. 353 and 355.
1701122008
1701122009
[20] Freu,Les figures du pauvre ,390-418.
1701122010
1701122011
[21] G. Himmelfarb,“The Culture of Poverty,” in The Victorian City:Images and Realities ,ed. H.J. Dyos and M. Wolff (London:Routledge;Boston:Kegan Paul,1973),2:726.
1701122012
1701122013
[22] Prudentius,Peristephanon 2.141-81,ed. and trans. H.J. Thomson,Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press,1961),2:116-18.
1701122014
1701122015
[23] Ambrose,Letter 73 (18).16.
1701122016
1701122017
[24] Brown,Poverty and Leadership ,45-48.
1701122018
1701122019
[25] Scheidel,“Stratification,Deprivation and Quality of Life,” 44.
1701122020
1701122021
[26] Freu,Les figures du pauvre ,264-68.
1701122022
1701122023
[27] 见条目“’ebyôn ,” Theologisches Wörterbuch zum Alten Testament ,ed. G. J. Botterweck and H. Ringgren (Stuttgart:Kohlhammer,1973),1:27-43;trans. J. T. Willis,Theological Dictionaryof the Old Testament (Grand Rapids,MI:Eerdmans,1974),1:27-41。
1701122024
1701122025
[28] 参见总论Weinfeld,Social Justice in Israel and in the Ancient Near East 。
1701122026
1701122027
[29] Jerome,Commentary on Isaiah 2.5,PL 24:79C.
1701122028
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