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[12] Lizza Testa,Senatori,popolo,papi ,381-99. 参见现在John Weisweiler清晰的结论State Aristocracy:Resident Senators and Absent Emperors in Late Antique Rome,c. 320-400 (D. Phil,Cambridge,2011)。
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[13] Meslin,La fête des kalendes de janvier ,21-22.
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[14]El disco de Teodosio ,ed. M. Almagro-Gorbea,Estudios del Gabinete de Antigüedades 5 (Madrid:Real Academia de la Historia,2000). Leader-Newby,Silver and Society in Late Antiquity ,48-49 对这个银盘的制作及其功用提供了一种有说服力的再诠释。
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[15] Ausonius,Gratiarum actio 5.21-22. 参见chap. 12,n. 12。
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[16] Symmachus,Oratio 6.1.
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[17] 西玛库斯的书信经由J.P. Callu编辑,并且附有法语翻译:Symmaque:Lettres ,4 vols. (Paris:Belles Lettres,1972-2002)。提供详尽注疏的是 Commento storico al libro…dell’epistolario di Q.Aurelio Simmaco (Pisa:Giardini,1981-2002)——迄今为止出版的有 vol. 2,G.A. Cecconi (2002);vol. 3,A. Pellizzari (1998);vol. 4,A. Marcone (1987);vol. 5,P. Rivolta Tiberga (1992);vol. 6,Marcone (1983);and vol. 9,S. Roda (1981);另外,有关西玛库斯的Relationes ,参见D. Vera,Commento storico alle “Relationes” di Quinto Aurelio Simmaco (Pisa:Giardini,1981)。现在参见M.R. Salzman and M. Roberts,The Letters of Symmachus:Book I (Atlanta,Ga.:Society of Biblical Literature,2011),其附有出色的介绍和注疏。
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[18] C. Sogno,Q. Aurelius Symmachus:A Political Biography (Ann Arbor:University of Michigan Press,2006),60-63.
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[19] Olympiodorus,History:Fragment 41.1-2,pp. 204-6;详细的评论在Cameron,“The Antiquity of the Symmachi,” 493-98。另参见 Matthews,Western Aristocracies and Imperial Court ,12-31。
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[20] Sogno,Symmachus ,1-30;A. Cameron,The Last Pagans of Rome (Oxford:Oxford University Press,2011).
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[21] Symmachus,Letter 1.52 (AD 376),Callu,1:114;参见Lizzi Testa,Senatori,popolo,papi ,297。
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[22] A.Chastagnol,“Le Sénat dans l’oeuvre de Symmaque,” in Colloque genèvois sur Symmaque ,ed. F. Paschoud (Paris:Belles Lettres,1986),73-92 at p. 75. Lizzi Testa,Senatori,popolo,papi ,355-72 在实际上对西玛库斯的政治目标和政治理念做了新的分析。
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[23] Lizzi Testa,Senatori,popolo,papi ,361-64.
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[24] Symmachus,Oratio 6.1.
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[25] Symmachus,Oratio 7.4.
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[26] Baldini Lippolis,La domus tardoantica ,267-68;N. Christie,From Constantine to Charlemagne:An Archaeology of Italy,AD 300-800 (Aldershot:Ashgate,2006),240.
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[27] Symmachus,Letter 1.7.1,Callu,1:71.
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[28] D.Vera,“Simmaco e le sue proprietà:Struttura e funzionamento di un patrimonio aristocratico del IV secolo d.C.,” in Colloque genèvois sur Symmaque ,231-76 at pp. 237-42.
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[29] Symmachus,Letter 1.1.5,Callu,1:62;A. Chastagnol,“Un scandale du vin à Rome sous le Bas-Empire:L’affaire du Préfet Orfitus,” Annales 5 (1950):166-83.
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[30] Symmachus,Letter 1.3.4,Callu,1:67.
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[31] M.R.Salzman,“Travel and Communication in The Letters of Symmachus ,” in Travel,Communication and Geography in Late Antiquity:Sacred and Profane ,ed. L. Ellis and F.L. Kidner (Aldershot:Variorum,2004),81-94 at pp. 87,92;同一作者的“Symmachus and His Father:Patriarchy and Patrimony in the Late Roman Senatorial Elite,” in Le trasformazioni delle “élites” in età tardoantica ,357-75 at pp. 368-72.
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[32] P.Arthur,Romans in Northern Campania:Settlement and Land-Use around the Massico and the Garigliano Basin ,Archaeological Monographs of the British School at Rome 1 (London:British School at Rome,1991),89-94.
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[33] Symmachus,Letters 1.11.3,Callu,1:77 and 2.60.2,Callu,1:195.
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[34] 对这一研究者关注颇多的问题,最好的英文介绍仍然是Matthews,“The Letters of Symmachus”。另参见S. Roda,“Polifunzionalità della lettera commendaticia:Teoria e prassi nell’epistolario simmachiano,” in Colloque genèvois sur Symmaque ,177-207;Smith,“‘Restored Utility,Eternal City’”;M.R. Salzman,“Symmachus and the ‘Barbarian’ Generals,” Historia 55 (2006):352-67。现在参见Cameron,Last Pagans,366-82。
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[35] Sogno,Symmachus ,71-85.
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[36] Matthews,“The Letters of Symmachus,” 62.
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