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[21] Ambrose,Letter 75A (21A),Contra Auxentium 34,Liebeschuetz,p. 159.
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[22] J. Moorhead,Ambrose:Church and Society in the Late Roman World (London:Longman,1999),142.
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[23] Ambrose,Explanatio Psalm . 1.9,ed. M. Petschenig,CSEL 64 (Vienna:Tempsky,1919),7.
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[24] 我将持续引用戴维逊那部含导论、注释的杰出著作和译本:I.J. Davidson,Ambrose:De officiis ,2 vols. (Oxford:Oxford University Press,2001)。
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[25] Ambrose,De off . 1.7.24,p.130,with Davidson,Ambrose:De officiis ,pp. 15-16.
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[26] Ambrose,De off . 1.36.185,p. 224.
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[27] Ambrose,De off . 1.50.249,p. 260.
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[28] Sotinel,“Les évêques italiens dans la société de l’Antiquité tardive,” 388-95.
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[29] 参见克拉科·鲁吉尼具有开创意义的研究著作Cracco Ruggini,Economia e società nell ’ “Italia annonaria ”,84-111。该书第二版的前言极有价值,此外书中还附有全面更新的文献索引。
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[30] Bowes,Private Worship,Public Values and Religious Change ,170-74.
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[31] 特别参考R. Lizzi,Vescovi e strutture ecclesiastiche nella città tardoantica (L’Italia annonaria nel IV-V secolo d.C .),Biblioteca di Athenaeum 9 (Como:New Press,1989),15-57;以及同一作者的“Ambrose’s Contemporaries and the Christianization of Northern Italy,” Journal of Roman Studies 80 (1990):156-73 at pp. 164-68。
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[32] Ambrose,De off . 1.28.136,p. 196.
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[33] Ambrose,De off . 2.15.70 and 28.136-43,pp. 306 and 342-48.
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[34] Ambrose,De off . 2.29.150,p. 350.
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[35] Ambrose,De off . 1.11.38,p. 138.
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[36] Brown,Poverty and Leadership ,36-44;C. Tiersch,Johannes Chrysostomus in Konstantinopel (398-404):Weltsicht und Wirken eines Bischofs in der Hauptstadt des Oströmischen Reiches ,Studien und Texte zu Antike und Christentum 6 (Tübingen:Mohr Siebeck,2000),229-50.
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[37] Ambrose,De off . 2.15-16.70-77,pp. 306-10,with Davidson,Ambrose:De officiis ,2:744-52.
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[38] Ambrose,Letter 73 (18).16,Liebeschuetz,p. 86.
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[39] R.Syme,The Roman Revolution (Oxford:Clarendon Press,1939),145.
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[40] Cicero,De officiis 1.17.57,ed. and trans. W. Miller,Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press,1913),58-60.
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[41] Cicero,De officiis 1.7.22,pp. 22-24.
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[42] A.O. Lovejoy and G. Boas,A Documentary History of Primitivism and Related Ideas ,vol. 1,Primitivism and Related Ideas in Antiquity (Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press,1935);B.Gatz,Weltalter,goldene Zeit und sinnverwandte Vorstellungen ,Spudasmata 16 (Hildesheim:G. Olms,1967).在安布罗斯之前的基督徒团体中,拉克坦提乌斯(Lactantius)就已明确提出一种更为激进的关于黄金时代的呼唤,他在戴克里先大迫害(Great Persecution)时期写作。Lactantius,Divine Institutes 5.5-6,pp. 290-94,以及第36~40页的评论部分。但我们无法假定安布罗斯曾读过拉克坦提乌斯的作品。
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[43] Seneca,Epistula 90.34:Lovejoy and Boas,Documentary History of Primitivism ,272-73.特别参见P. Garnsey,Thinking about Property:From Antiquity to the Age of Revolution (Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2007),121-30。
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[44] Cicero,De officiis 1.7.20,p. 22.
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[45] Ambrose,De off . 1.28.132,p. 194.
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