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[21] Ambrose,De Nabuthae 11.48,Ramsey,p. 133.
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[22] Ambrose,De Nabuthae 4.18,Ramsey,p. 122.
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[23] Ambrose,De Nabuthae 5.20,Ramsey,pp. 122-23.
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[24] 例如切塞纳盘子上充满田园色彩的猎后野餐。参见Milano:Capitale dell’impero romano,286-402 d.C. (Milan:Silvana Editoriale,1991),313,348。特别见Carrié,“Pratique et idéologie chrétiennes de l’économique,” p. 21,它讨论了安布罗斯对田园生活话题的颠覆。
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[25] Ambrose,De Nabuthae 13.56,Ramsey,p. 136.
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[26] Bowes,Private Worship,Public Values,and Religious Change ,147-49;N. Mancassola and F. Saggioro,“La fine delle ville romane:Il territorio tra Adda e Adige,” Archeologia medievale 27 (2000):315-31.
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[27] Christie,From Constantine to Charlemagne ,418;P. Arthur,“From Vicus to Village:Italian Landscapes,AD 400-1000,” in Landscapes of Change:Rural Evolutions in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages ,ed. N. Christie (Aldershot:Ashgate,2004),103-33.
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[28] Ambrose,Letter 36 (2).12:参见Lizzi,Vescovi e strutture ecclesiastiche ,43-45;以及Freu,Les figures du pauvre ,297-329。将克拉特尔纳视为君士坦提乌斯的主教区尚未得到公认,参见条目“Constantius 5,” Prosopographie chrétienne du Bas-Empire ,vol. 2,Italie ,ed. C. Pietri and L. Pietri (Paris:École française de Rome 2000),473-74。
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[29] Ambrose,De Tobia 8.29 copies Basil,Homilia in Psalmum XIV ,Patrologia Graeca 29:277B. 对类似文献的细致比较,参见Cracco Ruggini,Economia e società nell ’ “Italia annonaria ,” 14-16。关于凯撒利亚主教巴西尔的布道中的卡帕多西亚,现在可参见R. Van Dam,Kingdom of Snow:Roman Rule and Greek Culture in Cappadocia (Philadelphia:University of Pennsylvania Press,2002),20-52。
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[30] H.-I.Marrou,introduction to Clément d’Alexandrie:Le pédagogue ,vol. 1,SC 70 (Paris:Le Cerf,1960),89.
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[31] M. Elvin,The Retreat of the Elephants:An Environmental History of China (New Haven,CT:Yale University Press,2004),204,205.
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[32] Freu,Les figures du pauvre ,264-68.
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[33] M. Wallraff and C. Ricci,Oratio funebris in laudem sancti lohannis Chrysostomi:Epitaffio attribuito a Martirio di Antiochia 40 (Spoleto:Centro ltaliano di Studi sull’Alto Medioevo,2007),92.参见J.H.W.G. Liebeschuetz,Barbarians and Bishops:Army,Church,and State in the Age of Arcadius and Chrysostom (Oxford:Clarendon Press,1990),217-23;and Tiersch,Johannes Chrysostomus in Konstantinopel ,229-50。
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[34] Ambrose,De Joseph 6.30,6.33;see McLynn,Ambrose of Milan ,196,217;and G. Nauroy,Exégèse et création littéraire chez Ambroise de Milan:L’exemple du De Ioseph Patriarcha (Paris:Institut d’Études Augustiniennes,2007),241-350.
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[35] R.MacMullen,“The Preacher’s Audience (AD 350-400),” Journal of Theological Studies 40 (1989):503-11,他提出听众其实仅限于精英。对他的反驳参见P. Rousseau,“The Preacher’s Audience:A More Optimistic View,” in Ancient History in a Modern University ,ed. T.W. Hillard et al. (Grand Rapids,MI:Eerdmans,1998),2:371-408,对此我表示赞同。
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[36] Lizzi,Vescovi e strutture ecclesiastiche ,109-24;以及同一作者的“Ambrose’s Contemporaries,” 167。
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[37] Gaudentius,Tractatus Praefatio 22,ed. A. Glück,CSEL 68 (Leipzig:Teubner,1936),7,and PL 20:835.
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[38] Brown,Poverty and Leadership ,80-84.
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[39] J.T.Gross,Revolution from Abroad:The Soviet Conquest of Poland’s Western Ukraine and Western Belorussia (Princeton:Princeton University Press,2002),120.
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[40] J.Harries,Law and Empire in Late Antiquity (Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1999),97;Kelly,Ruling the Later Roman Empire ,186-231.
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[41] Gildas,De excidio Britanniae 20.1,ed. M. Winterbottom,in The Ruin of Britain,and Other Works (London:Phillimore,1978),23,95.尤其参见 J.-L. Fournet,“Entre document et littérature:La pétition dans l’antiquité tardive,” in La Pétition à Byzance ,ed. D. Feissel and J. Gascou,Centre de Recherche d’Histoire et Civilisation Byzantine:Monographies 14 (Paris:Amis du Centre,2004),61-74。至于西部地区,参见A. Gillett,Envoys and Political Communication in the Late Antique West ,411-533 (Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2003),26-35。
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[42]Edictum Diocletiani et collegarum de pretiis rerum venalium ,ed. M. Giacchero (Genoa:Università di Genova,1974),1:135. S. Corcoran,The Empire of the Tetrarchs:Imperial Pronouncements and Government,AD 284-324 (Oxford:Clarendon Press,1996),207-213,参见第208页:“贪欲是每个人都能理解的动机。”(Greed is a motive everyone can understand.)法典前言中提到“贪欲”八次。
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[43] Sozomen,Ecclesiastical History 7.25.
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[44] Ambrose,Letter 26 (54).1.
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[45] Ambrose,De off . 2.21.102,p. 324.
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