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[7] Bowes and Kulikowski,introduction to Hispania in Late Antiquity ,25.
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[8] 尤其参见Matthews,Western Aristocracies and Imperial Court ,32-33;G.W. Bowersock,“Symmachus and Ausonius,” in Colloque genèvois sur Symmaque ,1-15,现收录于Selected Papers on Late Antiquity (Bari:Edipuglia,2000),69-80;以及Sogno,Symmachus ,5-21。
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[9] A. Coᶊkun,Die gens Ausoniana an der Macht:Untersuchungen zu Decimius Magnus Ausonius und seiner Familie ,Prosopographica et Genealogica 8 (Oxford:Linacre College,2002),6-11,52-62.
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[10] H.Sivan,Ausonius of Bordeaux:Genesis of a Gallic Aristocracy (London:Routledge,1993),49-73.
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[11] 尤其参见M.G. Fulford,“Economic Hotspots and Provincial Backwaters:Modelling the Late Roman Economy,” in Coin Finds and Coin Use in the Roman World ,ed. C.E. King and D.G.Wigg,Studien zu Fundmünzen der Antike 10 (Berlin:Mann,1996),153-77。
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[12] Ausonius,Parentalia 7.2 and 18.8,Green,pp. 30 and 36,Ausonius 1:68 and 82. 我所引篇章编号,先是取自 R.P.H. Green,The Works of Ausonius (Oxford:Clarendon Press,1991),后又引自译本 H.G. Evelyn-White,Ausonius ,2 vols.,Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press,1951)。在后面这个版本中,奥索尼乌斯作品的排序与格林(Green)版不同,故而为避免出现烦乱难解的局面,我在引用艾伟林-怀特(H.G. Evelyn-White)版的文本与翻译时以“Ausonius ”加卷数与页码作为标识。
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[13] Ausonius,Gratiarum actio 4 and 11,Green,pp. 148-49 and 154,Ausonius 2:228 and 249;and Proptrepticus ad nepotem 86,Green,p. 24,Ausonius 2:80.
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[14] Ausonius,Gratiarum actio 16,Green,pp. 157-58,Ausonius 2:206.
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[15] Bowersock,“Symmachus and Ausonius,” 12道出了其精要。
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[16] Ausonius,Letter 4.32,Green,p. 196,Ausonius 2:18. 参见杰出的研究成果J. Fontaine,“Valeurs antiques et valeurs chrétiennes dans la spiritualité des grands propriétaires terriens à la fin du IVe siècle Occidental,” in Epektasis:Mélanges patristiques offerts au cardinal Jean Daniélou ,ed. J. Fontaine and C. Kannengiesser (Paris:Beauchesne,1972),571-95 at p. 576,现已收入Études sur la poésie latine tardive d’Ausone à Prudence (Paris:Belles Lettres,1980),241-65 at p. 246。
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[17] Ausonius,De herediolo 21-28,Green,p. 19,Ausonius 1:34. 尤其参见 R. Étienne,“Ausone,propriétaire terrien et le problème du latifundium au IVe siècle ap. J.C.,” in Institutions,société et vie politique de l’empire romain au IVesiècle ap.J.C .,ed. M. Christol et al.,Collection de l’École française de Rome 159 (Rome:Palais Farnèse,1992),305-11。这个估值来自Cracco Ruggini,Economia e società nell’ “Italia Annonaria ,” 416-17。读者需要谨记,它所提供的仅仅是尽可能接近实际的数量。
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[18] Ausonius,De herediolo 19,Green,p. 19,Ausonius 1:34.
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[19] Ausonius,De herediolo 1,Green,p. 19,Ausonius 1:32.
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[20] Ausonius,De herediolo 1-10,Green,p. 19,Ausonius 1:32.
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[21] Sivan,Ausonius of Bordeaux ,66-69.
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[22] Balmelle,Les demeures aristocratiques d’Aquitaine ;Chavarría Arnau,El final de las villae en Hispania .
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[23] Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa,The Leopard ,trans. A. Colquhoun (New York:Pantheon,1960),43.
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[24] K.M.D. Dunbabin,Mosaics of the Greek and Roman World (Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1999),69 (关于晚期罗马意大利加达湖畔的迪塞萨诺庄园) and 88 (关于阿奎丹的镶嵌画). 比较Christie,From Constantine to Charlemagne ,432:皮亚扎阿尔梅里纳庄园“流溢着……多彩的镶嵌画”。
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[25] 参见在海港之门(Porta Marina)发现的令人叹为观止的大理石墙,Ostia:Aurea Roma ,frontispiece,251-62。
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[26] Ellis,“Power,Architecture and Décor”;Smith,Roman Villas ,178.
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[27] 关于类似的城市府邸结构,参见Y. Thébert,“Private Life and Domestic Architecture in Roman Africa,” in A History of Private Life ,ed. P. Ariès and G. Duby,vol. 1,From PaganRome to Byzantium ,ed. P. Veyne,trans. A. Goldhammer (Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press,1987),313-409 at p. 405。关于城市室内建筑,近期最好的研究报告是Baldini Lippolis,La domus tardoantica 。新的研究,参见F. Ghedini and S. Bullo,“Late Antique Domus of Africa Proconsularis:Structural and Decorative Aspects,” in Housing in Late Antiquity:From Palaces to Shops ,ed. L. Lavan,L. Özgenel,and A. Sarantis,Late Antique Archaeology 3.2 (Leiden:Brill,2007),337-66;以及J. Arce,A. Chavarría,and G. Ripoll,“The Urban Domus in Late Antique Hispania:Examples from Emerita,Barcino and Complutum,” in Housing in Late Antiquity ,305-36。
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[28] Bowes,Houses and Society ,54-60.
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[29] Bowes,Houses and Society ,95。关于同样规模的一组西班牙庄园布局,参见 Chavarría Arnau,El final de las villae en Hispania ,96-99。类似布局参见Balmelle,Les demeuresaristocratiques de l’Aquitaine 和Baldini Lippolis,La domus tardoantica 。
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[30] K.M.D. Dunbabin,The Roman Banquet:Images of Conviviality (Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2003),141-74.
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[31] L.Schneider,Die Domäne als Weltbild:Wirkungsstrukturen der spätantiken Bildersprache (Wiesbaden:F. Steiner,1983),68-87. 此文分析敏锐独到,但固守马克思主义教条,认为晚期罗马的庄园是自给自足的大地产(latifundium)。对其的指正参见W. Raeck,“Publica non despiciens :Ergänzungen zur Interpretation des Dominus-Julius-Mosaiks aus Karthago,” Mitteilungen des deutschen Archäologischen Instituts:Römische Abteilung 94 (1987):295-308。
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