打字猴:1.701123892e+09
1701123892
1701123893 [14] Ausonius,Gratiarum actio 16,Green,pp. 157-58,Ausonius 2:206.
1701123894
1701123895 [15] Bowersock,“Symmachus and Ausonius,” 12道出了其精要。
1701123896
1701123897 [16] Ausonius,Letter 4.32,Green,p. 196,Ausonius 2:18. 参见杰出的研究成果J. Fontaine,“Valeurs antiques et valeurs chrétiennes dans la spiritualité des grands propriétaires terriens à la fin du IVe siècle Occidental,” in Epektasis:Mélanges patristiques offerts au cardinal Jean Daniélou ,ed. J. Fontaine and C. Kannengiesser (Paris:Beauchesne,1972),571-95 at p. 576,现已收入Études sur la poésie latine tardive d’Ausone à Prudence (Paris:Belles Lettres,1980),241-65 at p. 246。
1701123898
1701123899 [17] Ausonius,De herediolo 21-28,Green,p. 19,Ausonius 1:34. 尤其参见 R. Étienne,“Ausone,propriétaire terrien et le problème du latifundium au IVe siècle ap. J.C.,” in Institutions,société et vie politique de l’empire romain au IVesiècle ap.J.C .,ed. M. Christol et al.,Collection de l’École française de Rome 159 (Rome:Palais Farnèse,1992),305-11。这个估值来自Cracco Ruggini,Economia e società nell’ “Italia Annonaria ,” 416-17。读者需要谨记,它所提供的仅仅是尽可能接近实际的数量。
1701123900
1701123901 [18] Ausonius,De herediolo 19,Green,p. 19,Ausonius 1:34.
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1701123903 [19] Ausonius,De herediolo 1,Green,p. 19,Ausonius 1:32.
1701123904
1701123905 [20] Ausonius,De herediolo 1-10,Green,p. 19,Ausonius 1:32.
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1701123907 [21] Sivan,Ausonius of Bordeaux ,66-69.
1701123908
1701123909 [22] Balmelle,Les demeures aristocratiques d’Aquitaine ;Chavarría Arnau,El final de las villae en Hispania .
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1701123911 [23] Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa,The Leopard ,trans. A. Colquhoun (New York:Pantheon,1960),43.
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1701123913 [24] K.M.D. Dunbabin,Mosaics of the Greek and Roman World (Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1999),69 (关于晚期罗马意大利加达湖畔的迪塞萨诺庄园) and 88 (关于阿奎丹的镶嵌画). 比较Christie,From Constantine to Charlemagne ,432:皮亚扎阿尔梅里纳庄园“流溢着……多彩的镶嵌画”。
1701123914
1701123915 [25] 参见在海港之门(Porta Marina)发现的令人叹为观止的大理石墙,Ostia:Aurea Roma ,frontispiece,251-62。
1701123916
1701123917 [26] Ellis,“Power,Architecture and Décor”;Smith,Roman Villas ,178.
1701123918
1701123919 [27] 关于类似的城市府邸结构,参见Y. Thébert,“Private Life and Domestic Architecture in Roman Africa,” in A History of Private Life ,ed. P. Ariès and G. Duby,vol. 1,From PaganRome to Byzantium ,ed. P. Veyne,trans. A. Goldhammer (Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press,1987),313-409 at p. 405。关于城市室内建筑,近期最好的研究报告是Baldini Lippolis,La domus tardoantica 。新的研究,参见F. Ghedini and S. Bullo,“Late Antique Domus of Africa Proconsularis:Structural and Decorative Aspects,” in Housing in Late Antiquity:From Palaces to Shops ,ed. L. Lavan,L. Özgenel,and A. Sarantis,Late Antique Archaeology 3.2 (Leiden:Brill,2007),337-66;以及J. Arce,A. Chavarría,and G. Ripoll,“The Urban Domus in Late Antique Hispania:Examples from Emerita,Barcino and Complutum,” in Housing in Late Antiquity ,305-36。
1701123920
1701123921 [28] Bowes,Houses and Society ,54-60.
1701123922
1701123923 [29] Bowes,Houses and Society ,95。关于同样规模的一组西班牙庄园布局,参见 Chavarría Arnau,El final de las villae en Hispania ,96-99。类似布局参见Balmelle,Les demeuresaristocratiques de l’Aquitaine 和Baldini Lippolis,La domus tardoantica 。
1701123924
1701123925 [30] K.M.D. Dunbabin,The Roman Banquet:Images of Conviviality (Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2003),141-74.
1701123926
1701123927 [31] L.Schneider,Die Domäne als Weltbild:Wirkungsstrukturen der spätantiken Bildersprache (Wiesbaden:F. Steiner,1983),68-87. 此文分析敏锐独到,但固守马克思主义教条,认为晚期罗马的庄园是自给自足的大地产(latifundium)。对其的指正参见W. Raeck,“Publica non despiciens :Ergänzungen zur Interpretation des Dominus-Julius-Mosaiks aus Karthago,” Mitteilungen des deutschen Archäologischen Instituts:Römische Abteilung 94 (1987):295-308。
1701123928
1701123929 [32] S.Djurić,“Mosaic of Philosophers in an Early Byzantine Villa at Nerodimlje,” in VI Coloquio internacional sobre mosaico antiguo ,123-34.
1701123930
1701123931 [33]The Age of Spirituality ,no. 73,pp. 84-85.
1701123932
1701123933 [34] C.Jullian,Histoire de la Gaule (Paris:Hachette,1993),2:832n73.
1701123934
1701123935 [35] C.Jullian,Histoire de la Gaule (Paris:Hachette,1993),2:464,832n73,468。
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1701123937 [36] Bowes,Houses and Society ,90-95,尤其是第92页的地图与图片21。关于巴尔干地区的庄园,参见Ćurčić,Architecture in the Balkans ,32-40,63-66。
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1701123939 [37] D.Mattingly,“Being Roman:Expressing Identity in a Provincial Setting,” Journal of Roman Archaeology 17 (2004):5-25.
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1701123941 [38] Scott,Art and Society in Fourth-Century Britain ,78-81.
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