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[19] Ausonius,De herediolo 1,Green,p. 19,Ausonius 1:32.
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[20] Ausonius,De herediolo 1-10,Green,p. 19,Ausonius 1:32.
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[21] Sivan,Ausonius of Bordeaux ,66-69.
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[22] Balmelle,Les demeures aristocratiques d’Aquitaine ;Chavarría Arnau,El final de las villae en Hispania .
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[23] Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa,The Leopard ,trans. A. Colquhoun (New York:Pantheon,1960),43.
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[24] K.M.D. Dunbabin,Mosaics of the Greek and Roman World (Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1999),69 (关于晚期罗马意大利加达湖畔的迪塞萨诺庄园) and 88 (关于阿奎丹的镶嵌画). 比较Christie,From Constantine to Charlemagne ,432:皮亚扎阿尔梅里纳庄园“流溢着……多彩的镶嵌画”。
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[25] 参见在海港之门(Porta Marina)发现的令人叹为观止的大理石墙,Ostia:Aurea Roma ,frontispiece,251-62。
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[26] Ellis,“Power,Architecture and Décor”;Smith,Roman Villas ,178.
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[27] 关于类似的城市府邸结构,参见Y. Thébert,“Private Life and Domestic Architecture in Roman Africa,” in A History of Private Life ,ed. P. Ariès and G. Duby,vol. 1,From PaganRome to Byzantium ,ed. P. Veyne,trans. A. Goldhammer (Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press,1987),313-409 at p. 405。关于城市室内建筑,近期最好的研究报告是Baldini Lippolis,La domus tardoantica 。新的研究,参见F. Ghedini and S. Bullo,“Late Antique Domus of Africa Proconsularis:Structural and Decorative Aspects,” in Housing in Late Antiquity:From Palaces to Shops ,ed. L. Lavan,L. Özgenel,and A. Sarantis,Late Antique Archaeology 3.2 (Leiden:Brill,2007),337-66;以及J. Arce,A. Chavarría,and G. Ripoll,“The Urban Domus in Late Antique Hispania:Examples from Emerita,Barcino and Complutum,” in Housing in Late Antiquity ,305-36。
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[28] Bowes,Houses and Society ,54-60.
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[29] Bowes,Houses and Society ,95。关于同样规模的一组西班牙庄园布局,参见 Chavarría Arnau,El final de las villae en Hispania ,96-99。类似布局参见Balmelle,Les demeuresaristocratiques de l’Aquitaine 和Baldini Lippolis,La domus tardoantica 。
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[30] K.M.D. Dunbabin,The Roman Banquet:Images of Conviviality (Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2003),141-74.
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[31] L.Schneider,Die Domäne als Weltbild:Wirkungsstrukturen der spätantiken Bildersprache (Wiesbaden:F. Steiner,1983),68-87. 此文分析敏锐独到,但固守马克思主义教条,认为晚期罗马的庄园是自给自足的大地产(latifundium)。对其的指正参见W. Raeck,“Publica non despiciens :Ergänzungen zur Interpretation des Dominus-Julius-Mosaiks aus Karthago,” Mitteilungen des deutschen Archäologischen Instituts:Römische Abteilung 94 (1987):295-308。
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[32] S.Djurić,“Mosaic of Philosophers in an Early Byzantine Villa at Nerodimlje,” in VI Coloquio internacional sobre mosaico antiguo ,123-34.
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[33]The Age of Spirituality ,no. 73,pp. 84-85.
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[34] C.Jullian,Histoire de la Gaule (Paris:Hachette,1993),2:832n73.
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[35] C.Jullian,Histoire de la Gaule (Paris:Hachette,1993),2:464,832n73,468。
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[36] Bowes,Houses and Society ,90-95,尤其是第92页的地图与图片21。关于巴尔干地区的庄园,参见Ćurčić,Architecture in the Balkans ,32-40,63-66。
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[37] D.Mattingly,“Being Roman:Expressing Identity in a Provincial Setting,” Journal of Roman Archaeology 17 (2004):5-25.
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[38] Scott,Art and Society in Fourth-Century Britain ,78-81.
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[39] Scott,Art and Society in Fourth-Century Britain ,118-19;M. Henig and G. Soffe,“The Thruxton Roman Villa and Its Mosaic Pavement,” Journal of the British Archaeological Association 146 (1993):1-28。
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[40] Dunbabin,Mosaics of the Greek and Roman World ,99-100.
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[41] K. Bowes and A. Gutteridge,“Rethinking the Later Roman Landscape,” Journal of Roman Archaeology 18 (2005):405-13 是对热烈讨论的最新贡献。亦参见Wickham,Framing the Early Middle Ages ,473-81和Chavarría Arnau,El final de las villae en Hispania ,125-41。
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[42] Dunbabin,The Roman Banquet ,169-74.
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[43] K.M.D.Dunbabin,“Convivial Spaces:Dining and Entertainment in the Roman Villa,” Journal of Roman Archaeology 9 (1996):66-80. 在阿普利亚的法拉格拉新发现了一个独特的半圆卧榻,它专为7位客人的亲密聚会而设计。参见 G. Volpe,G. De Felice,and M. Turchiano,“La villa tardoantica di Faragola (Ascoli Satriano) in Apulia,” in Villas Tardoantiguas en el Mediterráneo Occidental ,ed. A. Chavarría,J. Arce,and G. P. Brogiolo,Anejos de Archivo Español de Arqueología 39 (Madrid:Consejo Superior de InvestigacionesCientíficas,2006),221-51 at pp. 229-30 and figure 30,p. 240。亦参见 L. Bek,“Quaestiones conviviales :The Idea of the Triclinium and the Staging of Convivial Ceremony from Rome to Byzantium,” Analecta Romana Instituti Danici 12 (1983):81-107;and B. Polci,“Some Aspects of the Transformation of the Roman Domus between Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages,” in Theory and Practice in Late Antique Archaeology ,ed. L. Lavan and W. Bowden,Late Antique Archaeology 1 (Leiden:Brill,2003),79-109 at pp.80-88。
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