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[1] Ammianus Marcellinus,Res gestae 16.10.13-17 提到君士坦提乌斯二世第一次进入罗马城时的情形。我希望读者已经可以想象穿行在4世纪的罗马城中,就像黛安·法夫罗提供了奥古斯丁时期的罗马城的景象:D. Favro,The Urban Image of Augustan Rome (Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1996),255-79。最好的介绍仍然是R. Krautheimer,Rome:Profile of a City ,312-1408 (Princeton:Princeton University Press,1980)。
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[2] Strabo,Geography 3.5.8.
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[3] J.Hillner,“Domus ,Family,and Inheritance:The Senatorial Family House in Late Antique Rome,” Journal of Roman Studies 93 (2003):129-45.
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[4] L.Spera,Il paesaggio suburbano di Roma dall’antichità al medioevo:Il comprensorio tra le vie Latina e Ardeatina dalle Mura Aureliane al III miglio (Rome:Bretschneider,1999),439-42.
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[5] 尤其参见 E. Champlin,“The Suburbium of Rome,” American Journal of Ancient History 7 (1982):97-117;N. Purcell,“Tomb and Suburb,” in Römische Gräberstrasse:Selbstdarstellung,Status,Standard ,ed. H. von Hesberg and P. Zanker,Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften:Philologisch-historische Klasse/Abhandlungen,NF 96 (Munich:Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften,1987),25-41;Suburbium:Il suburbio di Roma dalla crisi del sistema delle ville a Gregorio Magno ,ed. P. Pergola,R. Santangeli Valenzani,and R. Volpe,Collection de l’École française de Rome 311 (Rome:école française de Rome,2003)。
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[6] W.Scheidel,“Germs for Rome,” in Rome the Cosmopolis ,ed. C.Edwards and G. Woolf (Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2003),159-76 at p. 159.
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[7] Jerome,Letter 43.3,ed. I. Hilberg,CSEL 54.1 (Vienna:Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften,1996),320. 这章与下一章中所有引自哲罗姆书信的文字,卷名与页码都取自这个版本。
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[8] Curran,Pagan City and Christian Capital ,116-36;Lizzi Testa,Senatori,popolo,papi ,105-25.
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[9] C.Pietri,Roma Christiana:Recherches sur l’Église de Rome,son organisation,sa politique,son idéologie de Miltiade à Sixte III(311-440) ,Bibliothèque des Écoles françaises de d’Athènes et de Rome 224 (Rome:Palais Farnèse,1976),3-17,77-82;R.Krautheimer,Rome ,3-31;以及同一作者的Three Christian Capitals:Topography and Politics (Berkeley:University of California Press,1983),7-40。
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[10] Curran,Pagan City and Christian Capital ,90-114;E.D. Hunt,“Imperial Building at Rome:The Role of Constantine,” in Bread and Circuses ,57-76. 新的研究参见 R. R. Holloway,Constantineand Rome (New Haven,CT:Yale University Press,2004),105-24;以及Bowes,Private Worship,Public Values and Religious Change ,85-87。
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[11] 新的研究参见核心的论文 G.W. Bowersock,“Peter and Constantine,” in St.Peter’s in the Vatican ,ed. W.Tronzo (Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2005),5-15。也参见P.Liverani,“Saint Peter’s,Leo the Great and the Leprosy of Constantine,” Papers of the British School at Rome 76 (2008):155-72 at p. 161。
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[12] Holloway,Constantine and Rome ,100-101;M.J. Johnson,The Roman Imperial Mausoleum in Late Antiquity (Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2009),139-56. D.J. Stanley,“Santa Costanza:History,Archaeology,Function,Patronage and Dating,” Arte medievale ,n.s.,3 (2004):119-40 提出了较晚的纪年。
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[13] J.Guyon,Le cimetière aux deux lauriers:Recherches sur les catacombes romaines ,Bibliothèque des Écoles françaises d’Athènes et de Rome 264 (Rome:École française de Rome,1987);Holloway,Constantine and Rome ,86-104;Diefenbach,Römische Erinnerungsräume ,153-212;Johnson,The Roman Imperial Mausoleum ,110-18.
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[14]Liber Pontificalis 34:Silvester,now ed. H. Geertman,in Atti del colloquio internazionale Il Liber Pontificalis e la storia materiale,Medelingen van het Nederlands Instituut te Rome:Antiquity 60-61 (Assen:Van Gorcum,2003),289,319-20,trans. Davis,The Book of the Pontiffs ,14.
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[15]Liber Pontificalis 42:Innocentius,Geertman,pp. 319-20,Davis,pp. 31-32.
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[16] Bowes,Private Worship,Public Values,and Religious Change ,figure 10,p. 67 and figure 11,p. 73清楚提供了一份标注罗马冠名教堂与方堂的地图。
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[17]Inscriptiones Christianae Urbis Romae ,vol. 2,part 1,ed. G.B. de Rossi (Rome:P. Cuggiani,1888),150. 笔者接受此人即为保利努斯书信中的潘马奇乌斯,参见 Pietri,RomaChristiana ,488。
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[18] Pietri,Roma Christiana ,571-73;同一作者“Recherches sur les domus ecclesiae ,” Revue des études augustiniennes 24 (1978):3-21;以及同一作者的“Donateurs et pieux établissements d’aprèsle légendier romain (Ve -VIIe s.),” in Hagiographie,cultures et sociétés,IVe -XIIesiècles (Paris:études Augustiniennes,1981),434-53,现收录于Christiana respublica:Éléments d’une enquêtesur le christianisme antique ,Collection de l’École française de Rome 234 (Rome:École française de Rome,1997),1:127-45,2:1187-1205。
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[19] Bowes,Private Worship,Public Values,and Religious Change ,71.
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[20] 参见,例如P.A.B. Llewellyn,“The Roman Church during the Laurentian Schism:Priests and Senators,” Church History 45 (1976):417-27和Religion,Dynasty and Patronage in Early Christian Rome,300-900 ,ed. K. Cooper and J. Hillner (Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2007)提供了许多富有建设性的观点。
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[21] J.Hillner,“Families,Patronage and the Titular Churches of Rome,c.300-c. 600,” in Religion,Dynasty and Patronage ,225-61.
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[22] Pietri,Roma Christiana ,461-573.
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[23] Pietri,Roma Christiana ,573;与 Pietri,“Évergétisme et richesses ecclésiastiques dans l’Italie du IVe à la fin du Ve siècle:L’exemple romain,” Ktèma 3 (1978):317-37,现收录于Christiana respublica ,2:813-33。
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[24] Pietri,Roma Christiana ,723.
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[25] 其概况参见 Salzman,The Making of a Christian Aristocracy ,69-137。
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