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[59] Salvian,De gubernatione Dei 5.8.37.
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[60] 比较E.A.Thompson,“Peasant Revolts in Late Roman Gaul and Spain,” Past and Present 2 (1952):11-23(出色的马克思主义综述)和R. Van Dam,Leadership and Community in Late Antique Gaul (Berkeley:University of CaliforniaPress,1985),41-48(就强调当地精英的自我保护而言,对上述观点做了一个大胆的逆转)。读者们应该知道我更倾向于J.F.Drinkwater的观点,J.F.Drinkwater “The Bacaudae of Fifth-Century Gaul,” in Fifth-Century Gaul ,208-17。他放弃了在涉及“巴高达运动”时总是提及社会冲突、社会动荡,以及5世纪高卢和西班牙地区的权力真空,除非它们明确和巴高达有关,我接受他的这一观点。我们所知的一出喜剧中的一段Querolus (scene II.30)尤其激发了旺盛的学术想象力,参见C. Jacquemard-Le Saos,Querolus (Aulularia)。Comédie latine anonyme:Le Grincheux (Paris:Belles Lettres,2003),XII-XIII,但它可能与巴高达毫无关系。
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[61] 参见J.C.Sánchez León,Les sources de l’histoire des Bagaudes (Paris:Belles Lettres,1996)。在Hydatius和Chronicle of 452 以外,我们所知的只有Zosimus,Historia Nova 6.2.5;以及 Salvian,De gubernatione dei 5.5.22 和5.6.24-26。使用与3世纪的重大事件相关的术语,参见Sánchez León,Les sources ,119-46。The Chronicle of 452 两次使用了单数,“in a Bacauda,” (117 and 133,for 443 and 448)。一名医生——Eudoxus——被牵涉进一次巴高达运动(Chronicle of 452 113— for 448),这场巴高达运动在西班牙北部的矿业城镇Tarazona使一名主教和一名守军 (Turiasso)死去(Hydatius,Chronicle 133—for 449),这可能暗示巴高达运动具有城市背景。
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[62] Hydatius,Chronicle 120 (443),ed. and trans. R.W.Burgess,The Chronicle of Hydatius and the Consularia Constantinopolitana (Oxford:Clarendon Press,1993),96. 对伊达提乌斯的作品和世界观的精彩分析,参见Muhlberger,The Fifth-Century Chroniclers ,193-266,尤其在pp. 260-64。
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[63]Chronicle of 452 117 (435) and 119 (437),Mommsen,p. 660.
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[64] 这是萨尔维安的观点,Salvian,De gubernatione Dei 5.6.24;参见Drinkwater,“The Bacaudae,” 217。
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[65] Carrié and Rousselle,L’empire romain en mutation ,732.
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[66] Matthews,Western Aristocracies and Imperial Court ,347.
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[67] 我发现的关于西多尼乌斯·阿波利纳里斯的最有洞察力的研究是Harries,Sidonius Apollinaris and the Fall of Rome 。
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[68] Sidonius Apollinaris,Letter 1.3.1,ed. and trans. W.B.Anderson,Sidonius:Poemsand Letters ,Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press,1965),1:346.
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[69] Sidonius Apollinaris,Letter 8.6.6,Anderson,2:424.
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[70] Sidonius Apollinaris,Letter 4.2.5,Anderson,2:142.
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[71] 现实主义描写和老生常谈的混合无法使西多尼乌斯受到考古学家的青睐,他们致力于重现5世纪的庄园,参见J. Bodel,“Monumental Villas and Villa Monuments,” Journal of Roman Archaeology 10 (1997):3-35 at p.16:“一堆令人困惑的杂乱构思会让读者失望,而不是会帮助读者。”(a confused agglomeration of conceits that frustrate rather than aid the reader.)亦参见 J. Percival,“Desperately Seeking Sidonius:The Realities of Life in Fifth-Century Gaul,” Latomus 56 (1997):279-92。但是重现一座庄园的成功尝试(即Burgus Leontii ,Sidonius,Poem 22)要参见 Balmelle,Les demeures aristocratiques d’Aquitaine ,144。
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[72] Harries,Sidonius Apollinaris ,132;on Letter 2.2.5-6,Anderson,1:420-22.
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[73] Harries,Sidonius Apollinaris ,15.
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[74] Sidonius Apollinaris,Letter 3.2.2,Anderson,2:8.
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[75] Sidonius Apollinaris,Letter 8.6.16,Anderson,2:432. 参见Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire ,2:771。
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[76] Sidonius Apollinaris,Letter 7.7.1-2,Anderson,2:388-90.参见Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire ,2:1162-63。
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[77] Gregory of Tours,Histories 2.20;ed. Bruno Kruschand Wilhelm Levison,in Libri historiarum X ,MGH:Scriptores rerum Merovingicarum,vol. 1,2nd ed.(Hannover:Hahn,1951),trans. Lewis Thorpe,Gregory of Tours:The History of the Franks (Harmonds worth,UK:Penguin,1974). 参见Harries,Sidonius Apollinaris ,195。
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[78] Gregory of Tours,Histories 2.20. 参见Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire ,2:406。
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[79]Receuil des inscriptions chrétiennes de la Gaule ,vol. 8,Aquitanie première ,ed. F. Prévot (Paris:CNRS,1991),no. 21 at p. 126.
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[80] Gregory of Tours,Histories 2.37;Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire ,2:114.
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[81] Gregory of Tours,Histories 3.18. Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire ,2:131-32.
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