打字猴:1.701128433e+09
1701128433
1701128434 [20] 这些数据的重要性首先在Mazzarino,Aspetti sociali del quarto secolo ,239中被指出,410年后的衰落可能被夸大了,因为376年的相关数字仍不清楚。详细的研究见 R. Hodges and D. Whitehouse,Mohammed,Charlemagne and the Origins of Europe:Archaeology and the Pirenne Thesis (Ithaca,NY:Cornell University Press,1983),48-51;Christie,From Constantine to Charlemagne ,58-61。
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1701128436 [21] Wickham,Framing the Early Middle Ages ,651-53,709-13.
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1701128438 [22] F. di Gennaro and F. Dell’Era,“Dati archeologici di età tardoantica del territorio dell’ insula inter duo flumina,” in Suburbium ,97-121 p. 120. 这是整卷都在重复的论点。(参见P. Pergola and J. Guyon的警告,pp. 170-71。)有关南部伊特鲁里亚,参见Hodges and Whitehouse,Mohammed,Charlemagne,and the Origins of Europe ,36-46。有关近期研究的综述,参见 H. Patterson,“The Tiber Valley Project:Archaeology,Comparative Survey and History,” in General Issues in the Study of Medieval Logistics:Sources,Problems and Methodologies ,ed. J.F. Haldon (Leiden:Brill,2006),93-117。
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1701128440 [23] Liebeschuetz,The Decline and Fall of the Roman City ,386:“在结果和其暗示的原因之间出现的延迟引出了一个令人感兴趣的问题。”
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1701128442 [24] Cassiodorus,Variae 11.39.1,trans. S.J.B. Barnish,Cassiodorus:Variae ,Translated Texts for Historians 12 (Liverpool:Liverpool University Press,1992),161. 读者应该了解 Cracco Ruggini,Economia e società,nell’ “Italia annonaria,” 315-16,以及J. Durliat,De la ville antique à la ville byzantine:Le problème des subsistences ,Collection de l’École française de Rome I 36 (Rome:Palais Farnèse,1990),104-7 从这条法令得出了不同的结论。杜尔利亚用它推断出罗马自410年以来至多减少了60%的人口;克拉科·如吉尼已经反驳了这一“不可接受”的结论。读者应该知道我们对410年以后罗马的相关看法都是基于这些不完全可靠的基础。
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1701128444 [25]Anonymus Valesianus 12.64;Procopius,Anecdota 26.29.
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1701128446 [26] Barnish,“Pigs,Plebeians and Potentes,” 161.
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1701128448 [27] Cracco Ruggini,Economia e società,nell’ “Italia annonaria,” 205-321,349-59.
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1701128450 [28] Sidonius Apollinaris,Letter 1.10;Barnish,“Pigs,Plebeians and Potentes,” 159-66.
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1701128452 [29] 现在尤其参见 R. Meneghini and R. Santangeli Valenzani,Roma nell’altomedioevo:Topografia e urbanistica della città dal V al X secolo (Rome:Libreria dello Stato,2004),33。
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1701128454 [30] Diefenbach,Römische Erinnerungsröume ,404-13 使用了 “核心化”一词,并将聚集地称为“岛屿”。
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1701128456 [31]Liber Pontificalis 48,Davis,pp. 39-40.
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1701128458 [32] R. Lim,“The Roman Pantomime Riot of A.D. 509,” in Humana sapit ,35-42.
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1701128460 [33] 现参见 Statuen in der Spätantike ,ed. Bauer and Witschel。这本书阐明,经济衰退并不是造成“塑像习俗”消失的唯一原因,公共生活结构和品位的改变同样是重要原因。
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1701128462 [34] H. Brandenburg,“Osservazioni sulla fine della produzione e dell’uso dei sarcophagi a rilievo nella tarda antichità nonché sulla loro decorazione,” in Sarcofagi tardoantichi,paleocristiani ed altomedievali ,ed. F. Bisconti and H. Brandenburg (Vatican:Pontificio Istituto di Archeologia Cristiana,2004),1-14.
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1701128464 [35] Marazzi,“Rome in Transition,” 34.
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1701128466 [36]Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum 6:1783,为Nicomachus Flavianus而建,现由Hedrick,History and Silence编辑和评论了; C. Machado,“Building the Past:Monuments and Memory in the Forum Romanum,” in Social and Political Life in Late Antiquity ,157-92。
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1701128468 [37] 参见 Orlandi的精湛研究Epigrafia anfiteatrale ,545-63。
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1701128470 [38] 参见 Orlandi的精湛研究Epigrafia anfiteatrale ,114-15。
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1701128472 [39] 参见 Orlandi的精湛研究Epigrafia anfiteatrale ,296。
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1701128474 [40] 参见 Orlandi的精湛研究Epigrafia anfiteatrale ,102-18。
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1701128476 [41] s.v. “Paulus 15,” Prosopographie chrétienne du Bas Empire ,2:1674.
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1701128478 [42] Brown,“Dalla ‘plebs romana’ alla ‘plebs Dei,’” 131.
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1701128480 [43] Agnellus of Ravenna,Liber pontificalis ecclesiae Ravennatensis 60,ed. and trans. C. Nauerth (Freiburg:Herder,1996),272-74,trans. D.M. Deliyannis,The Book of Pontiffs of the Church of Ravenna (Washington,DC:Catholic University of America Press,2004),172-77.
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1701128482 [44]Novella Valentiniani III 36.1.
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