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Christians(基督徒):and asceticism,苦行,214-15;average,普通,88-89;in Britain,不列颠,34;and Constantine,君士坦丁,30,33-34;and Damasus,达马苏斯,253;and euergetism,公益捐赠,62-63;and giving,捐献,xxv;God’s protection of,上帝的庇护,33;and harvests,收成,12;and hidden saviors among Poor,扮成穷人的救世主,510;and Israel,以色列,467;and new aristocracy,新贵,251;occupations of,行业,37-38;and paganism,多神教,102-9;and pagans,异教徒,103-9;persecution of,迫害,33,37;and pious giving,虔诚的捐献,226;as privileged minority,少数特权者,34;ransom of,赎金,43;as refugees from Rome,从罗马城来的难民,359;in Rome vs.Africa,在罗马城对在非洲,288;and Salvian,萨尔维安,445;sermons of,布道,72;as single holy people,唯一圣洁之民,253,265,272,283,284,287;as soldiers,当兵,253;and taxation,税收,146;and violence in Numidia,努米底亚的暴力行为,328;and votive virginity,在家贞女,271
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Chrodinus,克罗迪努斯,497
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Chronicle of 452,《452年编年史》,403,431,450
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Church(教会):administrators of,管理者,496-97,499,;of Africa,非洲,371,380-81;and Anician family,阿尼齐亚家族,303;aristocratization of,贵族化,494;benefactions diverted to,施舍转向,82;bequests to,赠予,438-41,495;ceremonies of offering in,奉献仪式,317-18;and city,城市,74;civil personality of,法人身份,486;collective wealth of,集体财富,530;and Constantinian system,君士坦丁的制度,50;and Damasus,达马苏斯,250;as dominating society and economy of western Europe,西欧社会和经济的主宰,522;donations to,赠予,xxv;of Durobrivae,罗切斯特,42;estates of,地产,xxi,507,511;as family,大家庭,49;fourfold Roman division of revenues of,罗马的财产四分法,488;giving to,捐献,xix,53,530;history of,历史,430-31;lands of,土地,496;legacies to,遗产,486;legal vulnerability of gifts to,捐献在法律上的脆弱性,495;as little heaven,小天堂,525;mediocritas of,中间阶层,51,81,245,325;and Melania the Younger and Pinianus,小梅兰尼娅和皮尼亚努斯,299;and model of imperial bureaucracy,帝国行政模式,256;mosaic pavements of,镶嵌画铺设,525-26;otherworldly efficacy of pious gifts to,虔诚捐献的彼岸意义,71;and pagan priesthoods,异教祭司,129;pastoral image of,牧灵形象,523;payment for expense of building,建造费用,41;and People of Rome,罗马民众,462;property of,财产,475,476-77,482-87,491-92,495-97,498,507-8,524;and public vs.private unchurched forms of Christianity,属于对不属于教堂的基督徒,50;and rights of poor people,穷人的权利,124,507,508;sacral character of wealth of,财产的神圣性,530;and Salvian,萨尔维安,435,436-41,451;as single community of saints,圣徒们的唯一归属,285;social mission of,社会责任,129;as society within society,小社会,43;as sole great landowner,唯一大地主,469;and state,政府,505;as substitute for civic life,取代城市生活,81-82;and suburbium of Rome,罗马城郊区,458;unity with Empire,与帝国合一,383;and Valentinian I,瓦伦提尼安一世,104;and wealth,财富,119;wealth as gifts to poor of,捐献给穷人的财富,169;wealth of,43,128,469-70,476,482-86,506-7;wealthy donors to,富裕的捐献者,88
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Churches,教堂,367;adjacent to villas,毗邻庄园,212;administration and deployment of wealth by,管理和运用财富,xxi;aesthetics of light in,用光美学,501,525;in Africa,非洲,325,334-36,341,355-56,366,369;and barbarian invasions,蛮族入侵,396,397;of Castile,卡斯提尔,521;changing ceremonials of offering in,变化的奉献仪式,524-45;charismatic fund-raisers in,有魅力的募捐者,280;as conscious of own wealth,财富意识,xxii;and counterculture,反文化,47-49;and cultural resources in sixth century,6世纪的文化资源,482;daily offerings in,日常奉献,xxv;differing constituencies within,各组成部分,89;indistinctive regions of Roman empire,罗马帝国各地,xxii-xxiii;distribution of wealth among,财富分配,493;economic upsurge of,暴富,84;entry of rich into,财富涌入,xix;on estates,地产,20,471-75;founded by landowners,地主兴建,475;gains of wealth and standing in Rome,在罗马城获得财富和地位,xx;in Gaul,高卢,500;glory to local,地方上的荣光,379;growth of wealth in,增加的财富,xxii;imperial funds for,帝国资金资助,333;imperial grants to,帝国的赏赐,50;imperial privileges of,政治特权,496;and imperial system,帝国制度,253;as inheriting wealth of secular aristocracy,继承世俗贵族的财富,494;inscriptions on pavements of,地板上的铭刻,41;jewels for foundation of,首饰用于兴建,271;lay founders of,俗人兴建者,472-75;mediocres in,普通人,425;as meeting place for different classes,不同阶层的聚会场所,124-25;mingling of aristocrats and plebeians in,贵族和平民的混合,283;mosaic floors of,镶嵌画地板,87-88;and new aristocracy,新贵,249,250;offerings ceremony in,奉献仪式,324;pace and impact of entry by wealthy people into,富人加入的节奏和影响,32;patronage of local,庇护一方,286;as places of relief,救济,47;privately founded,私人捐建教堂,472;as product of local conditions,地方特色,xxii-xxiii;and proprietary rights,产权,489;of Provence,普罗旺斯,420;provincial,行省的,425;qualifications for leadership in,领导素质,411;of Ravenna,拉文纳,500;role of wealthy in Spanish,财富在西班牙教会的作用,211;in Rome,罗马城,xx;of Rome,罗马城的,460;sanctuary in,避难权,381;as sedes iustitiae,aula pudoris,义人之所,谨慎之堂,46;silk veils and altar coverings for,丝绸覆盖物,28;social classes in,社会等级,46;social composition of,社会组成,32;social standing of,社会地位,xix;in Spain,西班牙,211-15,216;spiritual autonomy of,精神自治,332;support for,支持,272;tax exemptions of,免税,50;and theology,神学,369;titular (in Rome),(罗马城的)冠名,245-48,249,257,287,370,457,466;and upper classes,上层,122;upper nobility and,贵族上层,286;urban,城市,425;and wealth,与财富,xxv;wealth of,财富,xxii,492-96;and wealth sent to Holy Land,送往圣地的财富,281;wealthy and poor people in,富人与穷人,45,46-7,124-25,142,265;of wealthy people,富人,469-70;wealthy people in,富人,32,45-50,211;and wealthy plebians,富裕平民,343;in wood,木结构,521
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Church of Milan,米兰教会,123,124-26
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Church of Rome,罗马教会,248,253,467
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Cicero,西塞罗,99,118;and Ambrose,安布罗斯,120,127,129-30,132,155,178,180;and aristocracy,贵族,179;and Augustine,奥古斯丁,155,158,160,164,177-80,183;and common good,公益,178;De officiis ,《论义务》,127,129-30,155;and friendship,友谊,155;Hortensius ,《霍尔腾西乌斯》,158;and Jerome,哲罗姆,277;and Julian,bishop of Eclanum,艾克拉努主教朱利安,375;Laelius ,《莱伊利乌斯》,155;and loyalty,忠诚,179;and property,财产,179,180;and public vs.private good,公益对私利,178;and res publica,共和国,178;and Roman society,罗马社会,178;and social cohesion,社会凝聚力,177-78;and Symmachus,西玛库斯,130;and tenuis,有产者,151;and wealth,财富,179
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Circe,喀耳刻,421,449
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Circumcelliones (Circumcellions),“窖徒”,421,449
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circus,竞技场,66,80,82,103,116,117,353,354,452-53 图版4,5.See also games,参见赛会
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Circus Maximus,马克西穆斯竞技场,103,116,458,461,465,图版9
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Cirencester,赛伦塞斯特,196
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Cities(城市):in Africa,非洲,6-7,8,151,330,337,341;of Alpes Maritimes,滨海阿尔卑斯行省,412;and Augustine,奥古斯丁,74;and bishops,主教,81,356;of Britain,不列颠,196;Christian communities in,基督徒团体,171;and Christianity,基督教,46,81-83;classical model of,古典式,71;defensor of,保卫者,507;delegation of authority to,授权,4-5,35;as depleted,耗尽,20;diversity of,多样性,6;and estates,地产,195;and games,赛会,118;generosity to,慷慨,53;giving to,捐献,61-65;lay power in,俗权,506;love for,热爱,68,69,73-74,354,356;middling classes in,中产阶级,xxvii;nobles’ duty to,贵族的义务,103;and pagans and Christians,异教徒与基督徒,103;physical presence of past in,历史的物质遗留,65;and populus,人民,66;of Provence,普罗旺斯,411-12;public appearances of leaders of,领导者的公开露面,28;relative density of,相对密集,6-7;as res publicae,共和国,66;and restructuring of society,社会重构,24;and rise of Christianity,基督教的兴起,7-8;social hierarchies of,社会等级,151;in Spain,西班牙,212-13;strangers and non-citizen poor of,外来人口和非市民穷人,69;Symmachus on cults of,西玛库斯论城市崇拜,106;tax collection by,征税,11;and taxes and harvests,税与收成,13;traditional ideal of giving to,捐献的传统理念,xix;and villas,庄园,196,212-13;villas as,庄园,194;wealth for worship in protection of,财富用于祈祷城市安全,105-106;wealth of,财富,493;wealthy vs.poor people in,富人对穷人,37.See also amator patriae (lover of homeland),参见热爱故乡的人
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Citizens,市民,53,59;and annona civica,公民食物配给,69-70,111;attitude toward,态度,66-71;and Augustine,奥古斯丁,73;and Cicero,西塞罗,130;generosity toward,慷慨,66-68;love for,热爱,68;and non-citizens,非市民,68-69;rights of residents,居民权力,68-69
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civic love,热爱城市,64,68.See also amator patriae (lover of homeland);cities;euergetism,参见热爱故乡的人,城市,公益捐赠
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civil war,内战,xxvi,10,11,19,20,378,386-89;and Cassian,卡西安,416,417;and factionalism,派系,390,392;in Gaul,高卢,208,422,423;and landowners,地主,208;and Paulinus of Nola,诺拉的保利努斯,210,392;and Paulinus of Pella,佩拉的保利努斯,391-92;and wealthy people,富人,210-11
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Clamosus,克拉默苏斯,526
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Claterna,bishop of,克拉特尔纳主教,140
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Clemens,克莱门斯,102
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Clergy(神职人员):of Africa,非洲,301,307,381;and Ambrosiaster,伪安布罗斯,255-56;and aristocracy,贵族,285,356-57;Augustine on,奥古斯丁,171;Augustine’s teach-ins to,奥古斯丁的教诲,72-73;benevolence of,善举,257;and bishops,主教,488,489-92;bishops from ranks of,从教士升迁的主教,425-26;bishops’ love for,主教的爱护,510,511;of Bruttium,布鲁提乌姆,518-19;and celibacy,独身,76,127,518-20,521;and churches on estates,地产上的教堂,473-74;and civic duties,市政义务,38;Constantine’s policy toward,君士坦丁的政策,31-32,33;and curial class,市议员,44;and Damasus,达马苏斯,255,256;as distinguished,名人,36;as dominant players in Rome,罗马城的主角,456;and ecclesiastical government in Gaul,高卢的教会治理,425-26;epitaphs of,墓志,256-58;and farmers,农夫,473;of fifth century Rome,5世纪罗马城,462;and food supply of Rome,罗马城的食物供给,256;as holy poor,圣洁的穷人,257,438;and household-based Christianity,基督教家庭,49;and imperial bureaucracy of Gaul,高卢的帝国行政机构,425;and intercession of sins,代求恕罪,520;as intercessors,代求者,516;and Jerome,哲罗姆,262;and laity,平信徒,49,517,519;and laity bequests,平信徒的赠予,475-77;and landowners,地主,473-74;and land tax,土地税,36;lawyers as members of,教士中的律师,496;and lesser aristocracy,小贵族,253-54;as lesser town councillors,普通市议员,490;and local lay of Aquileia,阿奎利亚的平信徒,40;and loss of inheritance,丧失继承权,439;and marriage,婚姻,174;and Maximus Basilius in Rome,马克西穆斯·巴西里乌斯在罗马城,476;members of senatorial order as,元老,209;from middling and lower classes,中低阶层,81,171;as middling men,普通人,127;as militia of God,上帝的士兵,257-58;and minor nobility,小贵族,xxvii;monasticization of,修士化,522;as monks,当修士,174;as more holy others,与众不同的圣洁,285;as new men,新人,36;and nobles,贵族,475;othering of,与众不同,517-22;patronage for,庇护,489,490;and pauperes,穷人,343;and peasants,农民;as penitents,悔罪者,439;and personal taxes,人头税,35;and poor people,穷人,257,507,510;and popes,教宗,510-11;and Pope Symmachus,教宗西玛库斯,511;and populus/plebs,人民/平民,341,425;prayer for empire by,为帝国祈祷,44;and privilege and care of poor,特权与照顾穷人,43-44;as privileged,有特权的,33,35-36;professional persona as,专业人士,257;and property,财产,174;and protection and donations from emperor,皇帝的保护和赏赐,50;as replacing town council,取代市议会,82;Roman,罗马,256-58,262;as sacral class,神圣阶层,517;and sacrifice of Mass,弥撒,524;and Salvian,萨尔维安,438,451;senators as,元老,494;as separate and superior caste of sacred persons,独特而高贵的神圣集团,522;and slaves,奴隶,473,474,511;social background of,社会背景,343-44;social horizons of,社会视野,xxvii;social origins of,社会渊源,36-39;as Third Estate,第三等级,252,253-54,262,285,374,456;and tied farmers,依附农,511;and tonsure,削发,517;and trade associations,行会,38;urban,城市,51;as watchdogs of bishops,主教的看门狗;and wealthy plebians,富裕平民,38;wives of,妻子,518;and women’s display of wealth,女性露财,28.See also priests,参见教士
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Clermont,克莱蒙,405,406,463;basilica of,教堂,443,500
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Clients,门客,59,60,193,449-50.See also patronage,参见庇护
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Clovis,sons of,克洛维诸子,407
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Colosseum,竞技场,103,116,117,458,461-62,476
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