打字猴:1.70150117e+09
1701501170
1701501171 (33) 总结见Durkheim, Elementary Forms of Religious Life , 318。
1701501172
1701501173 (34) Claude Lévi-Strauss, Totemism (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1969), 140.(中译见[法]列维-斯特劳斯:《图腾制度》,渠敬东译,北京:商务印书馆,2012年,第83页。)
1701501174
1701501175 (35) Durkheim, Elementary Forms of Religious Life , 176—177.
1701501176
1701501177 (36) Lévi-Strauss, Totemism , 142;原文强调。(中译见[法]列维-斯特劳斯:《图腾制度》,渠敬东译,第86页。)
1701501178
1701501179 (37) 见欧文· 林奇,“列维-斯特劳斯也许是在无意中注意到了西方文化中的另一种情感理论,认知理论,其根源可以追溯到亚里士多德的《修辞学》。认知理论是一种将精神活动的某些方面—— 信仰、思想或判断—— 作为情感的基本要素,并特别用来识别不同情感的理论”。参见Owen M. Lynch, “The Social Construction of Emotion in India”, in Lynch (ed.), Divine Passions , 3—34, here 7—8。
1701501180
1701501181 (38) 凯瑟琳· 卢茨从列维-斯特劳斯的相关段落中引用如下:20世纪的理论心理学特别强调情感和身体之间的这种联系。以汤姆金斯的定义为例,他的情感观是当代最具影响力的心理学理论之一:“情感是一套肌肉和腺体反应,不仅位于脸上,也广泛分布于整个身体,会生成‘可接受’或‘不可接受’的感官反馈。”列维-斯特劳斯也利用了这种文化联系,他写道:“或者是体力的结果 ,或者是精神潜能的结果 。”见Catherine A. Lutz, Unnatural Emotions: Everyday Sentiments on a Micronesian Atoll &Their Challenge to Western Theory (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988), 66,原文强调。
1701501182
1701501183 (39) 在这里,我们忽略了一个事实,那就是马林诺夫斯基的日记已经成为利用后结构主义思想的人类学家广泛批判和反思的对象。例如James Clifford, The Predicament of Culture: Twentieth-Century Ethnography, Literature, and Art (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988), ch. 3。
1701501184
1701501185 (40) Bronislaw Malinowski, A Diary in the Strict Sense of the Term (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1989), 4, 5, 7, 30—31.(中译见[美]马林诺夫斯基:《一本严格意义上的日记》,卞思梅、何源远、余昕译,桂林:广西师范大学出版社,2015年,第24、28、57页。)
1701501186
1701501187 (41) William H. Rivers Rivers, The Todas (London: Macmillan, 1906);又见W. H. R. Rivers, “Psychiatry and the War”, Science , 49/1268 (18 April 1919), 367—369; William Halse R. Rivers, Instinct and the Unconscious: A Contribution to a Biological Theory of the Pseudo-Neuroses (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1920)。关于《重生三部曲》,见Pat Barker: Regeneration (London: Viking, 1991); The Eye in the Door (London: Viking, 1993); The Ghost Road (London: Viking, 1995)。
1701501188
1701501189 (42) A. R. Brown [=Alfred Radcliffe-Brown], The Andaman Islanders: A Study in Social Anthropology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1922), 233—234.
1701501190
1701501191 (43) Ruth Benedict, The Chrysanthemum and the Sword: Patterns of Japanese Culture (Boston:Houghton Mifflin, 1946). Eric Robertson Dodds, The Greeks and the Irrational (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1951)是受本尼迪克特影响的作品之一,见Ruth Leys, From Guilt to Shame: Auschwitz and After (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007), ch. 4, esp. 123; Barth et al.,One Discipline, Four Ways , 296。
1701501192
1701501193 (44) Benedict, The Chrysanthemum and the Sword , 113.
1701501194
1701501195 (45) Benedict, The Chrysanthemum and the Sword , ch. 9.
1701501196
1701501197 (46) 1936—1950年间,米德与英国人类学家格雷戈里· 贝特森(Gregory Bateson,1904—1980)是夫妻。他们是几对人类学夫妻中的一对。贝特森后来开始研究控制论,他把民族精神理解为“一种由文化加以组织的情感系统”,见Catherine A. Lutz and Geoffrey M. White, “The Anthropology of Emotions”, Annual Review of Anthropology , 15 (1986), 405—436, here 412。又见Gregory Bateson, Naven: The Culture of the Iatmul People of New Guinea Tribe as Revealed Through a Study of the “Naven” Ceremonial (2nd edn., Stanford, CA: Standford University Press, 1958)。
1701501198
1701501199 (47) 关于米德,参见Nancy C. Lutkehaus, Margaret Mead: The Making of an American Icon (Princeton:Princeton University Press, 2008)。
1701501200
1701501201 (48) Margaret Mead, Coming of Age in Samoa: A Psychological Study of Primitive Youth for Western Civilisation (New York: Morrow, 1928), 127.(中译见[美]米德:《萨摩亚人的成年》,周晓虹、李姚军、刘婧译,北京:商务印书馆,2010年,第127页。)
1701501202
1701501203 (49) Margaret Mead, Coming of Age in Samoa: A Psychological Study of Primitive Youth for Western Civilisation (New York: Morrow, 1928), 128.
1701501204
1701501205 (50) Margaret Mead, Coming of Age in Samoa: A Psychological Study of Primitive Youth for Western Civilisation (New York: Morrow, 1928), 212, 212—213.(中译见[美]米德:《萨摩亚人的成年》,周晓虹、李姚军、刘婧译,第194页。)
1701501206
1701501207 (51) Clifford Geertz, “Chapter 3: The Growth of Culture and the Evolution of Mind”, in The Interpretation of Cultures (New York: Basic Books, 1973), 81, 82; first published in Jordan M. Scher, Theories of the Mind (New York: Free Press of Glencoe, 1962), 713—740.(中译见[美]格尔茨:《文化的解释》,韩莉译,南京:译林出版社,1999年,第100—101页。)
1701501208
1701501209 (52) 格尔茨影响了布鲁斯· 卡普费雷尔(Bruce Kapferer)等人,后者可以被称为后涂尔干的格尔茨主义者。他指出:“僧伽罗人的治疗仪式既提供了一个由病人概念化的现实模型 ,也提供了一个如何构想现实的模型 。象征和象征行为被组织成仪式,‘既将前者塑造成后者,也将后者塑造成前者,赋予社会和心理现实以客观的概念形式,既将自己塑造成它,也将它塑造成自己’。”见Kapferer, “Emotion and Feeling in Sinhalese Healing Rites”, 156,原文强调。爱德华· 谢弗林(Edward Schieffelin)对巴布亚新几内亚的卡卢利人(Kaluli)的研究得出以下结论:“因此,无论个人体验如何(尽管卡卢利人试图让愤怒、羞耻和悲伤尽可能公开),情感都是社会定位的,并有一个社会目标。在此意义上,情感不仅存在于个人身上,而且也存在于社会情境和互动之中,并且它们有助于构建这些情境和互动。从这一分析中得出的一个重要启示是,对情感和文化感兴趣的人类学家可以合理地将目光投向个人内心深处之外的社会互动过程,这不仅仅是为了寻找激发情感的来源,还有情感的形式和意义的重要部分……格尔茨曾经说过,不必去观察个人的隐私来理解重要的文化符号和信仰,它们的意义可以在市场上找到。在很大程度上,人类的情感也是如此。社会共有的意义不仅为个人情感提供了许多意义和含义,这些情感也是他们所参与的情境的社会建构的一部分。”见Edward L. Schieffelin, “Anger, Grief,and Shame: Toward a Kaluli Ethnopsychology”, in Geoffrey M. White and John Kirkpatrick(eds.), Person, Self, and Experience: Exploring Pacific Ethnopsychologies (Berkeley and Los Angeles:University of California Press, 1985), 168—182, here 180。
1701501210
1701501211 (53) Hildred Geertz, “The Vocabulary of Emotion: A Study of Javanese Socialization Processes”, Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes , 22 (1959), 225—237, here 226.
1701501212
1701501213 (54) Hildred Geertz, “The Vocabulary of Emotion: A Study of Javanese Socialization Processes”, Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes , 22 (1959), 232, 236.
1701501214
1701501215 (55) Hildred Geertz, “The Vocabulary of Emotion: A Study of Javanese Socialization Processes”, Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes , 22 (1959), 236.
1701501216
1701501217 (56) Ernest Beaglehole, “Emotional Release in a Polynesian Community”, Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 32/3—4 (1937), 319—328, here 320.
1701501218
1701501219 (57) Melford E. Spiro, “Ghosts, Ifaluk, and Teleological Functionalism”, American Anthropologist , 54/4 (1952), 497—503.
[ 上一页 ]  [ :1.70150117e+09 ]  [ 下一页 ]