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1701502897 (210) Craig M. Bennett, Abigail A. Baird, Michael B. Miller, and George L. Wolford, “Neural Correlates of Interspecies Perspective Taking in the Post-Mortem Atlantic Salmon: An Argument for Multiple Comparisons Correction”, Journal of Serendipitous and Unexpected Results , 1/1 (2010), 1—5, here 2．也见Daniel S. Margulies, “The Salmon of Doubt: Six Months of Methodological Controversy within Social Neuroscience”, in Suparna Choudhury and Jan Slaby (eds), Critical Neuroscience: A Handbook of the Social and Cultural Contexts of Neuroscience (Chichester: Wiley- Blackwell, 2011), 273—286。除了鲑鱼的例子外，2009年fMRI扫描仪使用者的另外两篇论文在全球引起了轰动。关于“重复数据提取”（double dipping ）的统计问题，见Nikolaus Kriegeskorte,W. Kyle Simmons, Patrick S. F. Bellgowan, and Chris I. Baker, “Circular Analysis in Systems Neuroscience: The Dangers of Double Dipping”, Nature Neuroscience , 12/5 (2009), 535—540。关于所谓的“巫毒相关性”（voodoo correlations ），见Edward Vul et al., “Puzzlingly High Correlations in fMRI Studies of Emotion, Personality, and Social Cognition”, Perspectives on Psychological Science , 4/3 (2009), 274—290。科学社会学家托斯滕· 海涅曼（Torsten Heinemann）解释说，没有任何“巫毒相关性”的负面新闻，通过自觉和“示范性地使用自我批评和自我反思”，足以“动摇神经科学的根基”，尽管这只是表面文章。海涅曼认为，这一事例再次显示了“神经科学的巨大力量：科学知识在不同公众中的普及化。它们甚至善于对本学科内产生的批判性著作进行重新诠释，以此作为自身卓越工作的一部分，并与外部世界保持紧密联系”。见Torsten Heinemann, Populäre Wissenschaft: Hirnforschungzwischen Labor und Talkshow (Göttingen: Wallstein, 2012), 144—145。

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1701502899 (211) Logothetis, “What We Can Do and What We Cannot Do with fMRI”, 869.

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1701502901 (212) 又见2010年对心理学家艾伦· 巴德利（Alan Baddeley）的采访：“The Promise of Neuroimaging”, Go Cognitive accessed 12 March 2014。

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1701502903 (213) Jody C. Culham, “Functional Neuroimaging: Experimental Design and Analysis”, in Roberto Cabeza and Alan Kingstone (eds.), Handbook of Functional Neuroimaging of Cognition (2nd edn, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2006), 53—82，here 59，原文强调。

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1701502905 (214) 相关介绍，见Gary G. Berntson and John T. Cacioppo (eds.), Handbook of Neuroscience for the Behavioral Sciences (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2009), vol. i, ch. 16; vol. ii, chs. 32—42。

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1701502907 (215) LeDoux, Emotional Brain , ch. 8.

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1701502909 (216) 与安德烈亚斯· W.道姆（Andreas W. Daum）相比，我使用“普及工作者”和“普及化”这两个词的范围更宽松，分析性更弱，见Andreas W. Daum, Wissenschaftspopularisierungim 19. Jahrhundert: Bürgerliche Kultur, naturwissenschaftlicheBildung und die deutsche Öffentlichkeit, 1848—1914 (2nd enl. edn, Munich: Oldenbourg 2002), 25—29。

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1701502911 (217) LeDoux, Emotional Brain , 163．见Luiz Pessoa and Ralph Adolphs, “Emotion Processing and the Amygdala: From a ‘Low Road’ to ‘Many Roads’ of Evaluating Biological Significance”,Nature Reviews Neuroscience , 11/11 (2010), 773—782; Luiz Pessoa, “Emotion and Cognition and the Amygdala: From ‘What Is It?’ to ‘What’s to Be Done?’”, Neuropsychologia , 48/12 (2010), 3416—3429。同样对勒杜持批判观点，见Ian Hacking, “By What Links Are the Organs Excited?”,Times Literary Supplement , 4970 (17 July 1998), 11—12。

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1701502913 (218) Antoine Bechara et al., “Insensitivity to Future Consequences Following Damage to Human Prefrontal Cortex”, Cognition , 50/1—3 (1994), 7—15, here 14.

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1701502915 (219) Marvin Zuckerman and D. Michael Kuhlman, “Personality and Risk-Taking: Common Biosocial Factors”, Journal of Personality , 68/6 (2000), 999—1029; Antonio Verdejo-García et al., “Executive Dysfunction in Substance Dependent Individuals during Drug Use and Abstinence: An Examination of the Behavioral, Cognitive and Emotional Correlates of Addiction”, Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 12/3 (2006), 405—415; Margaret C. Wardle et al.,“ Iowa Gambling Task Performance and Emotional Distress Interact to Predict Risky Sexual Behavior in Individuals with Dual Substance and HIV Diagnoses”, Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsyschology , 32/10 (2010), 1110—1121．批评见William A. Schmitt, Chad A. Brinkley, and Joseph P. Newman,“ Testing Damasio’s Somatic Marker Hypothesis with Psychopathic Individuals: Risk Takers or Risk Averse?”, Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 108/3 (1999), 538—543。

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1701502917 (220) Paolo Cavedini, Tommaso Bassi, Claudia Zorzi, and Laura Bellodi,“ The Advantages of Choosing Antiobsessive Therapy According to Decision-Making Functioning”, Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology , 24/6 (2004), 628—631.

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1701502919 (221) 见Martin Reimann and Antoine Bechara,“ The Somatic Marker Framework as a Neurological Theory of Decision-Making: Review, Conceptual Comparisons, and Future Neuroeconomics Research”, Journal of Economic Psychology , 31/5 (2010), 767—776。

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1701502921 (222) 对于躯体标记假说的批评，见Barnaby D. Dunn, Tim Dalgleish, and Andrew D. Lawrence,“The Somatic Marker Hypothesis: A Critical Evaluation”, Neuroscience andBiobehavioral Reviews , 30/2(2006), 239—271。又见Eric-Jan Wagenmakers and Sander Nieuwenhuis,“ Damasio’s Error:De somatic marker hypotheseondervuur”, Neuropraxis , 9/6 (2005), 159—163; Hideki Ohira,“The Somatic Marker Revisited: Brain and Body in Emotional Decision Making”, Emotion Review , 2/3 (2010), 245—249。

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1701502923 (223) Walle J. H. Nauta, “The Problem of the Frontal Lobe: A Reinterpretation”, Journal of Psychiatric Research , 8/3—4 (1971), 167—187.

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1701502925 (224) Dunn, Dalgleish, and Lawrence, “Somatic Marker Hypothesis”, 249.

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1701502927 (225) Antonio R. Damasio, Ralph Adolphs, and Hanna Damasio, “The Contributions of the Lesion Method to the Functional Neuroanatomy of Emotion”, in Richard J. Davidson,Klaus R. Scherer, and H. Hill Goldsmith (eds.), Handbook of Affective Sciences (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), 66—92, here 84.

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1701502929 (226) 对此评论的总结，见Dunn, Dalgleish, and Lawrence, “Somatic Marker Hypothesis”, 248—249。

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1701502931 (227) Dunn, Dalgleish, and Lawrence, “Somatic Marker Hypothesis”, 249.

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1701502933 (228) Dunn, Dalgleish, and Lawrence, “Somatic Marker Hypothesis”, 251.

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1701502935 (229) Dunn, Dalgleish, and Lawrence, “Somatic Marker Hypothesis”, 252.

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1701502937 (230) Dunn, Dalgleish, and Lawrence, “Somatic Marker Hypothesis”, 252—253.

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1701502939 (231) Dunn, Dalgleish, and Lawrence, “Somatic Marker Hypothesis”, 258—262.

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1701502941 (232) Gregory Hickok and Marc Hauser, “(Mis)understanding Mirror Neurons”, Current Biology , 20/14 (2010), R593—R594, here R593; Werner Siefer, “Die Zellen des Anstoßes”,Die Zeit , 51 (16 December 2010)．也见Ruth Leys, “‘Both of Us Disgusted in My Insula’:Mirror Neuron Theory and Emotional Empathy”, nonsite.org , 5 (18 March 2012) 。

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1701502943 (233) 关于镜像神经元、微笑和打哈欠，见G. Rizzolatti et al., “Resonance Behaviors and Mirror Neurons”, Archives italiennes de biologie: A Journal of Neuroscience , 137/2—3 (1999), 85—100。关于共情，见Giacomo Rizzolatti and Corrado Sinigaglia, Mirrors in the Brain: How Our Minds Share Actions and Emotions , trans. Frances Anderson (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008) [It. orig., So quelchefai: Il cervellocheagisce e ineuronispecchio , 2006], 173—193。关于爱，见Maddalena Fabbri-Destro and Giacomo Rizzolatti, “Mirror Neurons and Mirror Systems in Monkeys and Humans”, Physiology , 23/3 (2008), 171—179。关于儿童的语言习得，见Lisa Aziz-Zadeh et al.“, Congruent Embodied Representations for Visually Presented Actions and Linguistic Phrases Describing Actions”, Current Biology , 16/18 (2006), 1818—1823。关于宗教，见Vilayanur S. Ramachandran,“ Mirror Neurons and the Brain in the Vat”, Edge (9 January 2006) accessed 13 March 2014。关于心灵理论，见Vittorio Gallese and Alvin Goldman,“ Mirror Neurons and the Simulation Theory of Mind-Reading”, Trends in Cognitive Sciences , 2/12 (1998), 493—501。关于文化，见Gerhard Lauer,“ Spiegelneuronen: Über den Grund des Wohlgefallens an der Nachahmung”, in Karl Eibl, Katja Mellmann, and RüdigerZymner (eds.), ImRücken der Kulturen (Paderborn: Mentis-Verlag, 2007), 137—163。又见Joachim Bauer, Warum ich fühle, was du fühlst:Intuitive Kommunikation und das Geheimnis der Spiegelneurone (Hamburg: Hoffmann und Campe, 2005)。

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1701502945 (234) 关于脱发，见E. Bruce Goldstein, Sensation and Perception (8th edn, Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2010), 277—280；关于阳痿，见H. Mouras et al.,“ Activation of Mirror-Neuron System by Erotic Video Clips Predicts Degree of Induced Erection: An fMRI Study”, NeuroImage , 42/3 (2008), 1142—1150；关于自闭症，见Mirella Dapretto et al.,“ Understanding Emotions in Others: Mirror Neuron Dysfunction in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders”,Nature Neuroscience , 9/1 (2006), 28—30。

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