1701503046

1701503047 (285) William E. Connolly, “Critical Response I: The Complexity of Intention”, Critical Inquiry , 37/4 (2011), 791—798; Ruth Leys, “Critical Response II: Affect and Intention: A Reply to William E. Connolly”, Critical Inquiry , 37/4 (2011), 799—805.

1701503048

1701503049 (286) William E. Connolly, “Materialities of Experience”, in Diana H. Coole and Samantha Frost (eds.), New Materialisms: Ontology, Agency, and Politics (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2010), 198 n. 6.

1701503050

1701503051 (287) 人们也不能像约翰· 普罗特维那样，从严格的哲学角度为躯体标记假说辩护；“肖恩· 加拉格尔（Shaun Gallagher）会说，达马西奥假设的细节‘要么以一种现象学上站不住脚的方式将身体夸大到思想的层面，要么将其简化为神经元过程’。但是如果我们考虑到科隆贝蒂（Colombetti）和汤普森（Thompson）的提醒，模拟身体回路需要持续不断的体细胞更新，因此并不仅仅是神经中枢的表现，我们可以保留‘躯体标记’假说”，见Protevi, Political Affect , 198 n. 35。

1701503052

1701503053 (288) Slavoj Žižek, “Have Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri Rewritten the Communist Manifesto for the Twenty-First Century?”, Rethinking Marxism , 13/3—4 (2001), 190—198.

1701503054

1701503055 (289) Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri, Multitude: War And Democracy in the Age of Empire (New York: Penguin Books, 2005), 109，原文强调。也见Michael Hardt, “Affective Labor”,Boundary 2 , 26/2 (1999), 89—100; Michael Hardt, “Foreword: What Affects Are Good For”,in Patricia Ticineto Clough and Jean Halley (eds.), The Affective Turn: Theorizing the Social (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2007), ix—xiii。也见Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri, Empire (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000)。

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1701503057 (290) Hardt and Negri, Multitude , 108.

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1701503059 (291) 斯宾诺莎、德勒兹、马苏米，见Hardt, “Foreword”, xiii n. 2;达马西奥，见Hardt and Negri, Multitude , 374 n. 9。

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1701503061 (292) Hardt, “Foreword”, x.

1701503062

1701503063 (293) Hardt, “Foreword”, xii.

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1701503065 (294) Hardt, “Affective Labor”, 100.

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1701503067 (295) Adrian Johnston, “The Misfeeling of What Happens: Slavoj Žižek, Antonio Damasio and a Materialist Account of Affects”, Subjectivity , 3/1 (2010), 76—100; Slavoj Žižek, “Some Concluding Notes on Violence, Ideology and Communist Culture”, Subjectivity , 3/1 (2010), 101—116.

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1701503069 (296) Walter Benn Michaels, The Shape of the Signifier: 1967 to the End of History (Princeton:Princeton University Press, 2004), 9—10.

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1701503071 (297) Michaels, The Shape of the Signifier , 180—181，原文强调。

1701503072

1701503073 (298) Jacob Weisberg, The Bush Tragedy (New York: Random House, 2008). “Compassionate conservatism” is outlined, for example, in Marvin Olasky, Compassionate Conservatism: What it is,What it Does, and How it Can Transform America (New York: Free Press, 2000); Arthur C. Brooks,Who Really Cares: The Surprising Truth About Compassionate Conservatism (New York: Basic Books, 2006).

1701503074

1701503075 (299) 这似乎是合适的，见Patricia T. Clough, “The Affective Turn: Political Economy, Biomedia and Bodies”, Theory, Culture & Society , 25/1 (2008), 1—22, esp. 15—17。

1701503076

1701503077 (300) 自然科学的认识论（特别是证伪问题）本身就是一个研究领域。在此我们只提一点，科学哲学家伊姆雷· 拉卡托斯（Imre Lakatos）对卡尔· 波普尔（Karl Popper）的证伪主义的修正如下（在托马斯· 库恩［Thomas Kuhn］那里为他辩护）：一般来说，只有特定的陈述和预测被证伪，全盘否定整个研究方案非常罕见。见Imre Lakatos,The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978), 8—101; Imre Lakatos, Proofs and Refutations: the Logic of Mathematical Discovery (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976)。关于这场争论，见Gunnar Andersson,Kritik und Wissenschaftsgeschichte: Kuhns, Lakatos’ und Feyerabends Kritik des Kritischen Rationalismus (Tübingen: Mohr, 1988)。一篇总结社会科学和神经科学在认识论上的异同的有用的文章，见John Cromby, “Integrating Social Science with Neuroscience: Potentials and Problems”,BioSocieties , 2/2 (2007), 149—169。

1701503078

1701503079 (301) 钟形曲线是人类群体中智商分布符合钟形的正态曲线，是赫恩斯坦（Herrnstein）和默里（Murray）的著作的书名，书中声称美国黑人的平均智力水平低于美国白人。Richard J. Herrnstein and Charles Murray, The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life (New York: Free Press, 1994)。

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1701503081 (302) Jan Plamper, “The History of Emotions: An Interview with William Reddy, Barbara H. Rosenwein, and Peter Sterns by Jan Plamper”, History and Theory , 49/2 (2010), 237—265,here 248.

1701503082

1701503083 (303) 虽然在神经科学领域流行的英语文本几乎总是很快被翻译成德语，但几乎没有类似的德语著作被翻译成英语。见Gerhard Roth, Fühlen, Denken, Handeln: Wie das Gehirnunser Verhaltensteuert (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 2001); Gerhard Roth, Aus Sicht des Gehirns (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 2003); Gerhard Roth, Persönlichkeit, Entscheidung und Verhalten:Warum es so schwierig ist, sich und andere zu ändern (Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 2007); Michael Pauen and Gerhard Roth, Freiheit, Schuld und Verantwortung: Grundzüge einer naturalistischen Theorie der Willensfreiheit (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 2008); Wolf Singer, Der Beobachter im Gehirn: Essays zur Hirnforschung (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 2002); Wolf Singer, Ein neues Menschenbild? Gespräche über Hirnforschung (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 2003); Wolf Singer,Vom Gehirn zum Bewußtsein (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 2006); Hans J. Markowitsch and Werner Siefer, Tatort Gehirn: Auf der Suchenach dem Ursprung des Verbrechens (Frankfurt am Main: Campus, 2007); Hans J. Markowitsch, Das Gedächtnis: Entwicklung, Funktionen, Störungen (Munich: Beck, 2009); Manfred Spitzer, Nervensachen: Geschichten vom Gehirn (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 2005); Manfred Spitzer, Dopamin & Käsekuchen: Hirnforschung à la carte (Stuttgart: Schattauer, 2011); Manfred Spitzer, Nichtstun, Flirten, Küssen und andereLeistungen des Gehirns (Stuttgart: Schattauer, 2012); Manfred Spitzer, Digitale Demenz: Wie wir uns und unsere Kinder um den Verstand bringen (Munich: Droemer, 2012)。例外的是Hans J. Markowitsch and Harald Welzer, The Development of Autobiographical Memory , trans. David Emmans (Hove:Psychology Press, 2010) [Ger. orig., Das autobiographische Gedächtnis: Hirnorganische Grundlagen und biosoziale Entwicklung , 2005]; Birgitt Röttger-Rössler and Hans J. Markowitsch (eds.),Emotions as Bio-Cultural Processes (New York: Springer, 2009)。一本是在德语原版出版五年后出版的，另一本是一个以英语为母语的研究小组的论文合集。

1701503084

1701503085 (304) Thomas Metzinger cited in Schnabel, “Wie Agenten, Verleger und Autoren mit populärer Welterklärung Gewinn machen”, 43.

1701503086

1701503087 (305) Jean Delumeau, La Peur en Occident (ⅩⅥe—ⅩⅤⅢe siècles): Une cité assiégée (Paris: Fayard, 1978), 13．又见斯特恩斯夫妇，他们将20世纪80年代初期生命科学对情感的认识总结为“腺体或激素反应”；见Peter N. Stearns and Carol Z. Stearns,“ Emotionology:Clarifying the History of Emotions and Emotional Standards”, American Historical Review , 90/4 (1985), 813—836, here 834。

1701503088

1701503089 (306) 借自柏林马克斯· 普朗克科学史研究所的网站：; 也见Choudhury and Slaby, Critical Neuroscience ; William R. Uttal, Mind and Brain: A Critical Appraisal of Cognitive Neuroscience (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2011)，探讨情感的第4章。又见批评的博客：Michael Anderson, “After Phrenology: Will we Ever Understand the Brain”,Psychology Today ; Luiz Pessoa,“Emotion & Cognition and the Brain”, ; Michelle Greene, NeurRealism ); The Neurocritic: Deconstructing the Most Sensationalistic Recent Findings in Human Brain Imaging, Cognitive Neuroscience, and Psychopharmacology ; “Neuroskeptic”, Discover ; all accessed 16 March 2014。

1701503090

1701503091 (307) Ekman and Davidson (eds.), Nature of Emotion ; Richard J. Davidson, “Seven Sins in the Study of Emotion: Correctives from Affective Neuroscience”, Brain and Cognition , 52/1(2003), 129—132; JustinS. Feinstein, Ralph Adolphs, Antonio Damasio, and Daniel Tranel,“The Human Amygdala and the Induction and Experience of Fear”, Current Biology , 21/1(2011), 34—38; Pessoa and Adolphs, “Emotion Processing and the Amygdala” .

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1701503093 (308) “They Found God and Other Spiritual Phenomena in the Temporal Lobe”, Personality Cafe accessed 16 March 2014; 见Martin Haidinger,“Die Amygdala regelt im Gehirn das Sozialleben”, in Wissen aktuell (OE1 on ORF, 27 December 2010, 1.55 p.m.) [broadcast]。

1701503094

1701503095 (309) 这种趋势的典型代表是路易斯· 佩索阿的元分析，“Emergent Processes in Cognitive-Emotional Interactions”, Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience , 12/4 (2010), 433—448，及Dalgleish, Dunn,and Mobbs, “Affective Neuroscience”, 363。“对情感神经科学发展的历史分析表明，涉及情感和情绪处理的大脑区域比最初设想的要多得多。”

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