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8 那么多的误会: Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2007, May). Music and optimal experience. In G. Turow (Chair), Music, rhythm and the brain. Symposium conducted at the meeting of The Stanford Institute for Creativity and the Arts, Center for Arts, Science and Technology, Stanford, CA.
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显然,我们是有目的地追求音乐的。音乐具有和声的结构,在不影响其易懂性的情况下,人们可以同时弹奏多种音乐,所以,音乐才成为少数我们可以一次性关注至少两个人的特例。
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9 陆地脊椎动物生物: Dennett, D. C. (2009). The cultural evolution of words and other thinking tools. In Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 74, 435–441.
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MacCready P. (1999). An ambivalent Luddite at a technological feast. 摘自 http:// www. designfax. net/ archives/ 0899/ 899trl_ 2. Asp。
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13 无意视盲:Mack, A., & Rock, I. (1998). Inattentional blindness. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
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14 大猩猩研究:Chabris, C. F., & Simons, D. J. (2011). The invisible gorilla: And other ways our intuitions deceive us. New York: Penguin Random House.
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14 康德和华兹华斯抱怨: Blair, A. M. (2010). Too much to know: Managing scholarly information before the modern age. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
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14 分类减少脑力劳动: 直接摘自Rosch, E. (1978). Principles of categorization. In E. Rosch & B. B. Lloyd (Eds.), Cognition and categorization (pp. 27–48). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
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15 在人类历史早期99%的时间里:直接摘自Bryson, B. (2010). At home: A short history of private life. New York, NY: Doubleday, p. 34.
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15 前所未有的商业交易数目:几乎直接引自Wright, A. (2008). Glut: Mastering information through the ages. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, p. 49.
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15 书面文字最早形式 Childe, V. G. (1951). Man makes himself. New York, NY: New American Library.
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15 起源于商业销售单据: 直接引自Wright, A. (2008). Glut: Mastering information through the ages. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, p. 49.
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15以及所有我们认为属于文明的事物: 引自 Bryson, B. (2010). At home: A short history of private life. New York, NY: Doubleday, p. 34.
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16 “减弱人的特质……”:Wright, A. (2008). Glut: Mastering information through the ages. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, p. 6.
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16 埃及神王泰姆斯认为:Postman, N. (1993). Technopoly: The surrender of culture to technology. New York, NY: Vintage, p. 74. 也许泰姆斯预示了乔治·奥威尔时期,当时,为了与政府多变的官方观点保持一致,文本总是被不停编辑或清除。
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16 卡利马科斯曾经将书籍比喻为“伟大的恶魔”: Blair, A. M. (2010). Too much to know: Managing scholarly information before the modern age. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, p. 17.
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16 塞内加加议: 布莱尔(2010), p. 15。
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16 “愚蠢、无知、恶俗……”: 布莱尔(2010)。
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16 “回归野蛮”: 布莱尔 (2010)。
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16 “即使所有的知识都可以在书本上被找到……”: Blair, A. M. (2010). Too much to know: Managing scholarly information before the modern age. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. 就这个话题,你还可以参阅 Queenan, J. (2013). One for the books. New York, NY: Viking.
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17这些警告在我们的有生之年又再次被提出……电视机:Greenstein, J. (1954). Effect of television upon elementary school grades. The Journal of Educational Research, 48(3), 161–176.
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Maccoby, E. E. (1951). Television: Its impact on school children. Public Opinion Quarterly, 15(3), 421–444.
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Scheuer, J. (1992). The sound bite society. New England Review, 14(4), 264–267.
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Witty, P. (1950). Children’s, parents’ and teachers’ reactions to television. Elementary English, 27(6), 349–355, p. 396.
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17 这些警告在我们的有生之年又再次被提出……电脑: Cromie, W. J. (1999, January 21). Computer addiction is coming on-line. Harvard Gazette.
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