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57记忆的另一个问题在于可以被改写：Diekelmann, S., Büchel, C., Born, J., & Rasch, B. (2011). Labile or stable: Opposing consequences for memory when reactivated during waking and sleep. Nature Neuroscience, 14(3), 381–386.
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Nader, K., Schafe, G. E., & LeDoux, J. E. (2000). Reply—Reconsolidation: The labile nature of consolidation theory. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 1(3), 216–219.
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60 即使是美国总统乔治·布什也错误地认为 Greenberg, D. L. (2004). President Bush’s false [flashbulb] memory of 9/ 11/ 01. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 18(3), 363–370.
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Talarico, J. M., & Rubin, D. C. (2003). Confidence, not consistency, characterizes flashbulb memories. Psychological Science, 14(5), 455–461.
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61 但它没有第一个词语记得牢：某些情况下，第一和最后一项都能同样被我们很好地记住；某些情况下，最后一项比第一项记忆得更好。这种差异取决于两大变量：表单有多长；当你看到这些项目的时候，你是否复述了它。如果表单很长，你也不进行复述，那么首因效应会减弱。如果表单很短，你又进行了复述，那么首因效应会比近因效应更明显。因为你先前看到的项目会比你之后看到的项目接收到更多的复述与解码。
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62 另一半人：Loftus, E. F., & Palmer, J. C. (1974). Reconstruction of automobile destruction: An example of the interaction between language and memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 13(5), 585–589.
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62一种不稳定的状态： Nader, K., & Hardt, O. (2009). A single standard for memory: The case for reconsolidation. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10(3), 224–234.
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62 “…… 下一次打开这段记忆”： Perry, B. D., & Szalavitz, M. (2006). The boy who was raised as a dog and other stories from a child psychiatrist’s notebook: What traumatized children can teach us about loss, love, and healing. New York, NY: Basic Books, p. 156.
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63最经常使用的自然词汇： Rosch, E. (1978). Principles of categorization. In E. Rosch & B. B. Lloyd (Eds.), Cognition and categorization (pp. 27–48). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
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65可以追溯到亚里士多德：Irwin, T. H. (1988). Aristotle’s first principles. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
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MacNamara, J. (1999). Through the rearview mirror: Historical reflections on psychology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, p. 33.
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Vogt, K. (2010). Ancient skepticism. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Winter 2011 ed.). 摘自 http://plato. stanford. edu / entries/ skepticism-ancient/。
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70尾状核区的丘脑环路： Maddox, T. (2013, January). Talk presented at the Seventh Annual Meeting of the Auditory Cognitive Neuroscience Society, Tucson, AZ.
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70 系统分类：Ross, B. H., & Murphy, G. L. (1999). Food for thought: Cross-classification and category organization in a complex real-world domain. Cognitive Psychology, 38(4), 495–553.
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70 连接本身就是一种学习： Seung, S. (2012). Connectome: How the brain’s wiring makes us who we are. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
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71大脑中的特定区域 ：尽管大脑活动准确区域是因人而异的，但在人个体内部，这种状态是稳定的，限制在大脑中的特定区域。
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73 什么是游戏：Wittgenstein, L. (2010). Philosophical investigations. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
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75 拿着笔、笔记本或者便条做笔记：这并不奇怪，多数人都愿意自己的名字出现在这本书中，但名单还是包括了几位诺贝尔奖得主、著名科学家、艺术家和作家、《财富》500强CEO，以及各国政要。
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76 “随身带着一个石碑和凿子”： Sandberg, S. (2013, March 17). By the book: Sheryl Sandberg. The New York Times Sunday Book Review, p. BR8.
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76 “你的大脑会提醒你……” ：Allen, D. (2008). Making it all work: Winning at the game of work and business of life. New York, NY: Penguin, p. 35.
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77 “如果一项任务只在大脑中有记录……”： Allen, D. (2002). Getting things done: The art of stress-free productivity. New York, NY: Penguin, p. 15.
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77 “你必须确定……” ：Allen, D. (2002). Getting things done: The art of stress-free productivity. New York, NY: Penguin.
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78 “当信息都被写进小的数据块时……”： Pirsig, R. (1991). Lila: An inquiry into morals. New York, NY: Bantam.
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80 “他不需要问……”： Pirsig, R. (1991). Lila: An inquiry into morals. New York, NY: Bantam.
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81 有了索引卡的帮忙，我们可以分类，再分类： 假设你今天需要给10个人打电话。你需要将每个人的名字与电话号码都写在卡片上，上面还得写一些你需要探讨的内容的备注。在你打第二个电话的过程中，你了解到一个关于第10个人的一些时间敏感的问题。你只需要将卡片拿出，将它放在最上面。你的购物清单呢？根据期望拿到东西的时间，你可以将卡片放在一摞。但某一天，你突然间开车到了杂物店附近，就可以将这些卡片拿出来放在顶上。
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