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107 牛津归档供应公司于1941年取得专利:Jonas, F. D. (1942)所有.美国专利号No. 2305710 A.东威利斯顿,美国纽约专利与商标办公室. 与乔纳斯以及牛津相关的专利号还包括:US2935204, 2312717, 2308077, 2800907, 3667854, 2318077, and many others.
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108 你可以有类似这样的分类:Creel, R. (2013). How to set up an effective filing system. Smead Corporation. 摘自 http:// www. smead. com/ hot-topics/ filing-system -1396. asp。
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美国环保局(2012).记录管理工具. 摘自 http://www. epa. Gov。
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108对于那些经常用到的文档: 另一方面,不常用的文档不值得你耗费这种水平的注意力。当需要报修时,你可能会保管某些家电的发票。如果你的经历告诉你,这种家电并不总是会出故障,那么,一个单独的发票文件夹将会更有效,而不需要为每个家电都设置一个文件夹。三年内的某一天当你需要你的洗衣机发票的时候,你可以花两三分钟时间在家电发票文件夹中找到你所需要的。
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109 “将所有物品都放在一个固定的位置……”:Merrill, D. C., & Martin, J. A. (2010). Getting organized in the Google era: How to get stuff out of your head, find it when you need it, and get it done right. New York, NY: Crown Business, p. 73.
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110 “天生就不擅长多重任务……” : As quoted in Kastenbaum, S. (2012, May 26). Texting while walking a dangerous experiment in multitasking [audio podcast]. CNN Radio.
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110我们更像是一个糟糕的业余播撒盘: Naish, J. (2009, August 11). Is multi-tasking bad for your brain? Experts reveal the hidden perils of juggling too many jobs. Daily Mail.
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111 许多人拥有的手机的数量远远大于拥有的厕所的数量: 世界70亿人口拥有60亿部手机,45亿厕所,以上数据摘自一项美国调查。Worstall,T.(2013年3月23日)。人们拥有手机的数量多于拥有的厕所的数量,《福布斯》。
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112 就可以将你的智商降低10分:Naish, J. (2009, August 11). Is multi-tasking bad for your brain? Experts reveal the hidden perils of juggling too many jobs. Daily Mail.
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Wilson, G. (2010). Hewlett-Packard信息实验. 摘自www. drglennwilson.com。
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112 信息会直接进入海马体:Foerde, K., Knowlton, B. J., & Poldrack, R. A. (2006). Modulation of competing memory systems by distraction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103(31), 11778–11783.
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Cohen, N. J., & Eichenbaum, H. (1993). Memory, amnesia, and the hippo-campal system. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
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112 “人类根本无法很好地完成多个任务……”: 引自 Naish, J. (2009, August 11). Is multi-tasking bad for your brain? Experts reveal the hidden perils of juggling too many jobs. Daily Mail.
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112 人类大脑很擅长于这类自我欺骗:参见,例如 Gazzaniga, M. (2008). Human: The science behind what makes us unique. New York, NY: HarperCollins.
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112 这种转换本身还会存在新陈代谢的代价:任务切换导致前额叶皮层和前扣带中血氧水平依赖(BOLD)变化,而这些变化几乎总是意味着葡萄糖被代谢。
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112 大脑中的营养物质大量流失:我们在任务切换过程中看到的疲劳与不同任务之间的转换有关——我们通常会在无聊的两项任务中转换(根据定义,我们倾向于当发现自己能吸收信息的时候,专注于任务),M. Posner,个人交流,2014年4月16日。
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112 重复的任务转换会导致焦虑:Nash, J. (2009, August 11). Is multi-tasking bad for your brain? Experts reveal the hidden perils of juggling too many jobs. Daily Mail.
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112 导致攻击性与冲动行为:Naish, J. (2009, August 11). Is multi-tasking bad for your brain? Experts reveal the hidden perils of juggling too many jobs. Daily Mail.
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112专注于一项任务的状态由大脑中的前扣带回和纹状体控制:Tang, Y-Y., Rothbart, M. K., & Posner, M. I. (2012). Neural correlates of establishing, maintaining, and switching brain states. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16(6), 330–337.
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113 减少大脑葡萄糖的需求:Haier, R. J., Siegel, B. V., MacLachlan, A., Soderling, E., Lottenberg, S., & Buchsbaum, M. S. (1992). Regional glucose metabolic changes after learning a complex visuospatial/ motor task: A positron emission tomographic study. Brain Research, 570(1–2), 134–143.
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116 紧急热线:Kaufman, L. (2014, February 5). In texting era, crisis hotlines put help at youths’ fingertips. The New York Times, p. A1.
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116只是不停地按杆杆:Olds, J. (1956). Pleasure centers in the brain. Scientific American, 195(4), 105–116.
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Olds, J., & Milner, P. (1954). Positive reinforcement produced by electrical stimulation of septal area and other regions of rat brain. Journal of Comparative Physiological Psychology, 47(6), 419–427.
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117 心脏突然骤停: Associated Press (2007, September 18). Chinese man drops dead after 3-Day gaming binge.
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Demick, B. (2005, August 29). Gamers rack up losses. The Los Angeles Times.
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