打字猴:1.701559008e+09
1701559008
1701559009 Bonabeau, E. (2009). Decisions 2. 0: The power of collective intelligence. MIT Sloan Management Review, 50(2), 45–52.
1701559010
1701559011 Carretta, T. R., & Moreland, R. L. (1982). Nixon and Watergate: A field demonstration of belief perseverance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 8(3), 446–453.
1701559012
1701559013 Guenther, C. L., & Alicke, M. D. (2008). Self-enhancement and belief perseverance. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44(3), 706–712.
1701559014
1701559015 当证据被证实无效的时候,决定的情感质量仍旧存在。Sherman, D. K., & Kim, H. S. (2002). Affective perseverance: The resistance of affect to cognitive invalidation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(2), 224–237.
1701559016
1701559017 172 一群男性大学生被带进实验室:Nisbett, R. E., & Valins, S. (1972). Perceiving the causes of one’s own behavior. In D. E. Kanouse, H. H. Kelley, R. E. Nisbett, S. Valins, & B. Weiner (Eds.), Attribution: Perceiving the causes of behavior (pp. 63–78). Morristown, NJ: General Learning Press.
1701559018
1701559019 Valins, S. (2007). Persistent effects of information about internal reactions: Ineffectiveness of debriefing. In H. London & R. E. Nisbett (Eds.), Thought and feeling: The cognitive alteration of feeling states. Chicago, IL: Aldine Transaction
1701559020
1701559021 以下为有趣的基本归因错误的反面观点及其设计的情形:Malle, B. F. (2006). The actor-observer asymmetry in attribution: A (surprising) meta-analysis. Psychogical Bulletin, 132(6), 895–919.
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1701559023 173 实验者还已经预先设置了频率的波动:实验的先决条件是,心跳快速增加预示着高水平的觉醒,高水平的吸引。这不涉及某位女性被广泛认为比其他女性更具吸引力——这个因素是随机的,所以实验中男性的心态能在不同图片中达到顶峰。
1701559024
1701559025 173 结果就会相对稳定:几乎直接摘自Valins, S. (2005). Persistent effects of information about internal reactions: Ineffectiveness of debriefing. Integrative Physiological & Behavioral Science, 40(3), 161–165.
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1701559027 173 尼古拉斯·埃普利认为:Epley, N. (2014). Mindwise: How we understand what others think, believe, feel, and want. New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf.
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1701559029 174 显著差异维度:Eckert, P. (1989). Jocks and burnouts: Social categories and identity in the high school. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
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1701559031 175 组内成员会比组外成员更倾向于:Rothbart, M., Dawes, R., & Park, B. (1984). Stereotyping and sampling biases in intergroup perception. In J. R. Eiser (Ed.), Attitudinal judgment (pp. 109–134). New York, NY:Springer-Verlag.
1701559032
1701559033 175内侧前额叶皮层:D’Argembeau, A., Ruby, P., Collette, F., Degueldre, C., Balteau, E., Luxen, A., … Salmon, E. (2007). Distinct regions of the medial prefrontal cortex are associated with self-referential processing and perspective taking. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 19(6), 935–944.
1701559034
1701559035 Mitchell, J. P., Banaji, M. R., & MacRae, C. N. (2005). The link between social cognition and self-referential thought in the medial prefrontal cortex. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17(8), 1306–1315.
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1701559037 Northoff, G., & Bermpohl, F. (2004). Cortical midline structures and the self. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8(3), 102–107.
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1701559039 175 神游模式就会被激活:D’Argembeau, A., Ruby, P., Collette, F., Degueldre, C., Balteau, E., Luxen,
1701559040
1701559041 A., … Salmon, E. (2007). Distinct regions of the medial prefrontal cortex are associated with self-referential processing and perspective taking. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 19(6), 935–944.
1701559042
1701559043 Gusnard, D. A., Akbudak, E., Shulman, G. L., & Raichle, M. E. (2001). Medial prefrontal cortex and self-referential mental activity: Relation to a default mode of brain function. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98(7), 4259–4264.
1701559044
1701559045 Mitchell, J. P., Banaji, M. R., & MacRae, C. N. (2005). The link between social cognition and self-referential thought in the medial prefrontal cortex. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17(8), 1306–1315.
1701559046
1701559047 175 完全站不住脚的:Rabbie, J. M., & Horwitz, M. (1969). Arousal of ingroup-outgroup bias by a chance win or loss. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 13(3), 269–277, p. 269.
1701559048
1701559049 176 命运相互依存:Lewin, K. (1948). Resolving social conflicts: Selected papers on group dynamics. Oxford, UK: Harper.
1701559050
1701559051 176 这种相似的简单操作:如果这一切似乎还牵强,那么,潜在的机制可能与自尊有关。俄勒冈大学的心理学家米克·罗斯巴特曾经说过,我们倾向于通过提升与我们相似的组别,贬低与我们不同的组别来增加我们的自尊。罗伯特·恰尔迪尼发现,当人们通过实验体会到失去自尊时,会显著地影响他们所喜爱的运动队:他们可能将获胜的队伍称之为“我们”,将失败的队伍称之为“他们”。
1701559052
1701559053 Cialdini, R. B., Borden, R. J., Thorne, A., Walker, M. R., Freeman, S., & Sloan, L. R. (1976). Basking in reflected glory: Three (football) field studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34(3), 366–375.
1701559054
1701559055 Rothbart, M., Dawes, R., & Park, B. (1984). In J. R. Eiser (Ed.), Attitudinal judgment (pp. 109–134). New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
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1701559057 176 将人类分成:Rothbart, M., & Hallmark, W. (1988). In-group-out-group differences in the perceived efficacy of coercion and conciliation in resolving social conflict. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55(2), 248–257.
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