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368 15摄氏度的温度变化都可能让故障率增加一倍： Cole, G. (2000). Estimating drive reliability in desktop computers and consumer electronics systems. Seagate Technology Paper TP-338. 1.
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369 驱动器5年内出现故障的概率：Schroeder & Gibson found failure rates in real installations of up to 13% per year. Application of the binomial theorem yields a 50% probability of at least one failure within five years.
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Schroeder, B., & Gibson, G. A. (2007). Disk failures in the real world: What does an MTTF of 1,000,000 hours mean to you? Proceedings of the 5th USENIX Confer-ence on File and Storage Technologies (FAST), Mountain View, CA. 摘自 http:// www. pdl. cmu. edu/ ftp/ Failure/ failure-fast07. Pdf
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He, Z., Yang, H., & Xie, M. (2012, October). Statistical modeling and analysis of hard disk drives (HDDs) failure. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers APMRC, pp. 1–2.
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369 会在两年内出现磁盘故障：Vishwanath, K. V., & Nagappan, N. . Characterizing cloud computing hardware reliability. In Proceedings of the 1st ACM symposium on cloud computing. New York, NY: ACM (pp. 193–204).
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370 “……除夕之后的五彩纸屑一样分散在各处”：Boutin, P. (2013, December 12). An app that will never forget a file. The New York Times, p. B7.
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第8章
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379 这一说法源自：Sanger, L. (2004, December 31). Why Wikipedia must jettison its anti-elitism. Kuro5hin. 摘自 http:// www .kuro5hin. Org。
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维基百科中包含了一篇名叫“Criticism of Wikipedia”的文章，我们都可以理解这篇文章对维基百科自身的偏袒。
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Criticism of Wikipedia. (n. d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved March 19, 2014, from http:// en. wikipedia. org/ wiki/ Criticism_ of_ Wikipedia
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379 吉米·威尔士指出: User: Jimbo Wales. (n. d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved June 30, 2013, from http:// en. wikipedia. org/ wiki/ User
:Jimbo_ Wales
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381 “专家为什么会愿意……”：Dharma. (December 30, 2004). Comment on Sanger, L. (2004, December 31). Why Wikipedia must jettison its anti-elitism [Online forum comment]. 摘自 http:// www. kuro5hin. Org。
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382 这一切都始于《星际迷航》的忠实粉丝：Jenkins, H. (1992). Textual poachers: Television fans and participatory culture. New York, NY: Routledge.
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Schulz, N. (n. d.). Fan fiction— TV viewers have it their way: Year in review 2001. In Encyclopedia Britannica online.
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383 当音乐掌门人比尔·格雷厄姆：Graham, B., 个人交流，1983年10月，旧金山。
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383 当然，正如我们所详述的那样，维基百科的免费性：既然有如此多的问题，你一定会开始思考，维基百科会出现雇用专业编辑、专业作家的竞争对手。事实上，真的有这样的对手， 拉里·桑格创建了 Citizendium。不幸的是，它没能与维基百科相提并论，最终只能挣扎着前行。
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383 华盛顿特区史密森尼美国艺术博物馆：Cohen, P. (2013, July 27). Museum welcomes Wikipedia editors. The New York Times, p. C1.
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384 正如《纽约客》散文作家: Gopnik, A. (2013, May).麦克吉尔大学毕业典礼上的演讲，蒙特利尔。
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385 有组织的、谨慎的： Friedman, H. S., Tucker, J. S., Schwartz, J. E., Martin, L. R., Tomlinson-Keasey, C., Wingard, D. L., & Criqui, M. H. (1995). Childhood conscientiousness and longevity: Health behaviors and cause of death. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(4), 696–703.
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Friedman, H. S., Tucker, J. S., Tomlinson-Keasey, C., Schwartz, J. E., Wingard, D. L., & Criqui, M. H. (1993). Does childhood personality predict longevity? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(1), 176–185.
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385 已经变得比以往任何时候都更加迫切：Goldberg, L. R., 个人交流, 2013年4月13日。
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Gurven, M., von Rueden, C., Massenkoff, M., Kaplan, H., & Lero Vie, M. (2013). How universal is the Big Five? Testing the five-factor model of personality variation among forager-farmers in the Bolivian Amazon. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104(2), 354–370.
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386 这些困难的出现有两大原因：Beckman, M. (2004). Crime, culpability, and the adolescent brain. Science, 305(5684), 596–599.
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Giedd, J. N., Blumenthal, J., Jeffries, N. O., Castellanos, F. X., Liu, H., Zijdenbos, A., … Rapoport, J. L. (1999). Brain development during childhood and adolescence: A longitudinal MRI study. Nature Neuroscience, 2(10), 861–863.
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Sowell, E. R., Thompson, P. M., & Toga, A. W. (2004). Mapping changes in the human cortex throughout the span of life. The Neuroscientist, 10(4), 372–392.
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