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[26] Diderot,Rameau’s Nephew and D’Alembert’s Dream,171.
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[27] 在这个梦的第一部分,书中的狄德罗和达朗贝尔这两个角色在讨论后者的人生,二人都同意预成论是无稽之谈。博尔德之后也会驳斥雷斯皮纳斯小姐提出的这个理论。有关狄德罗对生命的产生的理解与当时相关理论的联系,比如哈勒尔、博内和布丰的理论,见Andrew Herrick Clark,Diderot’s Part:Aesthetics and Physiology(Hampshire,UK:Ashgate,2008),67-75。
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[28] Diderot,Rameau’s Nephew and D’Alembert’s Dream,172.
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[29] Diderot,Rameau’s Nephew and D’Alembert’s Dream,172.
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[30] Diderot,Rameau’s Nephew and D’Alembert’s Dream,173.
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[31] 珠宝(Bijou)一词在俚语中指代阴道,此处泛指人类的生殖器官。
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[32] Diderot,Rameau’s Nephew and D’Alembert’s Dream,173.
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[33] See W. G. Moore,“Lucretius and Montaigne,” Yale French Studies,no. 38(1967):109-14;William B. Jensen,“Newton and Lucretius:Some Overlooked Parallels,” in Lucretius:His Continuing Influence and Contemporary Relevance,ed. David B. Suits and Timothy J. Madigan(Rochester:RIT Press,2011),2.
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[34] 自然发生论(spontaneous generation theory)是一种有关物种起源的理论,认为生物体不需要从与其相同的生物体中产生,也就是说,生物可以来自灰尘这样的无机物,死肉中也可以产生生命。该理论目前普遍不被科学界接受。
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[35] Diderot,Rameau’s Nephew and D’Alembert’s Dream,173-74.
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[36] Diderot,Rameau’s Nephew and D’Alembert’s Dream,174.
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[37] Diderot,Rameau’s Nephew and D’Alembert’s Dream,174-75.
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[38] See Ronald L. Numbers,The Creationists:From Scientific Creationism to Intelligent Design(Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press,2006).
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[39] 有学者认为这是对存在锁链的兴趣引发的研究。See Arthur O. Lovejoy,The Great Chain of Being:A Study of the History of an Idea(New Brunswick,NJ:Transaction Publishers,2009),183-84.
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[40] 在古代,人类是自然存在锁链中的一部分。亚里士多德将动物分为各类属和种时,将人类放在了存在锁链的顶端。
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[41] See Thierry Hoquet,Buffon/Linné:eternels rivaux de la biologie?(Paris:Dunod,2007),97. 有关人类退化理论,尤其是其与奴隶制和非洲人的关系更深入的讨论,见Andrew S. Curran,The Anatomy of Blackness:Science and Slavery in an Age of Enlightenment(Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press,2011),特别是该书的第三章。
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[42] Diderot,Rameau’s Nephew and D’Alembert’s Dream,175-76.
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[43] See Andrew Curran,Sublime Disorder:Physical Monstrosity in Diderot’s Universe(Oxford:Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century,2001).
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[44] Andrew Curran,Sublime Disorder:Physical Monstrosity in Diderot’s Universe(Oxford:Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century,2001),190.
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[45] Diderot,Rameau’s Nephew and D’Alembert’s Dream,225.
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[46] See Patrick Graille,“Portrait scientifi que et littéraire de l’hybride au siècle des Lumières,” in Eighteenth-Century Life:Faces of Monstrosity in Eighteenth-Century Thought,ed. Andrew Curran,Robert P. Maccubbin,and David F. Morill(Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press,1997),21:2,70-88.
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[47] Diderot,Rameau’s Nephew and d’Alembert’s Dream,232. 她从达朗贝尔那里听说狄德罗先生竟然以她为主角之一写了一系列对话之后,非常气愤,并让达朗贝尔坚持要狄德罗烧掉手稿。狄德罗谎称自己这样做了。
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[48] DPV,17:27.
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