1702358575
(36) 参见Bhaskar, R., A RealistTheory of Science, Leeds, 1975, p. 182; Keat, R. and Urry, J., Social Theory as Science, London, 1982，后记。
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1702358577
(37) 参见Berger, J., The Look of Things, New York, 1971, pp. 115－117。他（和J. Mohr）在关于欧洲移民工人的著作A Seventh Man（Harmondsworth, 1975）中也思考了其中的一些问题。也可参见Soja和Hadjimichalis的“Between Geographical Materialism and Spatial Fetishism: Some Observationon the Marxist Spatial Analysis”（载Antipode, 1979, Vol. 11(2)pp. 3－11）一文中的讨论。
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1702358579
(38) Earman, J., “Who’s Afraid of Absolute Space?” Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 1970, Vol. 48, pp. 288－292.
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1702358581
(39) 参见Harré, R., The Principles of Scientific Thinking, London, 1970, p. 241；也可参见Hinkfuss, I., The Existence of Space and Time, Oxford, 1975, pp. 68－69。
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1702358583
(40) Lucas, J.R., A Treatise on Time and Space, London, 1973, pp. 40－42；同时参见Jacques, E., The Form of Time, London, 1982, pp. 28ff。
1702358584
1702358585
(41) 参见Müller和Neusüss的论文“The Illusion of StateSocialism and the Contradictions Between Wage-labour and Capital”（载Telos, 1970, Vol. 25, pp. 13－90）以及Urry的论文“De-industrialization, Households and Forms of Social Conflict”（Lancaster Regionlism Group, Working Paper, 1981b, No.3）第六章的讨论。
1702358586
1702358587
(42) Carney、Hudson和Lewis的编著Regions in Crisis（London, 1980）中编选的一些论文——尤其是pp. 29ff——充分地阐明了这一点的各个方面。
1702358588
1702358589
(43) Urry的”De-industrialization, Households and Forms of Social Conflict”（Lancaster Regionlism Group, Working Paper, 1981b, No. 3）一文第72页及其后对这一点的讨论。
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1702358591
(44) Webber, M. M., “Culture, Territoriality and the Elastic Mile,” Papers and Proceedings of the Regional Science Association, 1964, Vol. 13, pp. 59—69, p. 63；参见Cox, K., “Capitalism and Conflict around the Communal Living Space” in Dear, M. and Scott, A. J., eds., Urbanisation and Urban Planning in Capitalist Society, London, 1981, pp. 431—456；以及Joyce, P., Work, Society and Politics
:The Culture of the Factory in Later Victorian England, Brighton, 1980, p. 94; Joyce谈到了“服从的共同基础”以及“地区、地方和当下无可置疑的重要性”。他认为，工厂城镇和雇主家长制的生态“有力地阻止了冷漠、算计和阶级隔离……后来在19世纪，工业社会就是如此发展起来的，使地方主义和区域变得更加重要，而不是相反”。
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1702358593
(45) Lebowitz的”Capital as Finite”（载Marx Conference, University of Victoria, Canada, 1980）一文非常充分地证明了这一点；参见我在拙文“Some Themes in the Analysis of the Anatomy of Contemporary Capitalist Societies”（载Acta Sociologic, 1982, Vol. 25, pp. 405—418）中对此的简短讨论。
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1702358595
(46) 参见Aumeeruddy, A. T., Laurier, B. and Tortajada, R., “Labour Power and the State”. Capital and Class, 1978, Vol. 6, pp. 52—66；同时参见我在拙著The Anatomy of Capitalist Societies: The Economy, Civil Society and the State（London, 1981）第八章中对这一点的讨论。
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1702358597
(47) 参见Lipietz, A., “The Structuration of Space, the Problem of Land and Spatial Policy” in Carney, J., Hudson, R. and Lewis, J., eds, Regions in Crisis, London, 1980, pp. 60—75。
1702358598
1702358599
(48) Urry, J., “De-industrialization, Households and Forms of Social Conflict,” Lancaster Regionlism Group, Working Paper, 1981, No. 3; Urry, J., “Localities, Regions and Social Class,” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 1981, Vol. 5, pp. 446—448；以及Massey, D., “Regionalism: Some Current Issues,” Capital and Class, 1978, Vol. 6, pp. 106—125。
1702358600
1702358601
(49) Lipietz, A., “International Regional Polarisation and Tertiarisation of Society,” Papers of the Regional Science Association, 1980, Vol. 44, pp. 3—17, pp. 67—71.
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1702358603
(50) 关于介绍性的说明，参见Carter, H., The Study of Urban Geography, London, 1981。
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1702358605
(51) 参见Broadbent, T. A., Planning and Profit in the Urban Economy, London, 1977, p. 108。
1702358606
1702358607
(52) Broadbent, T. A., Planning and Profit in the Urban Economy, London, 1977, p. 110。Walker在“Two Sources of Uneven Development under Advanced Capitalism: Spatial Differentiation and Capital Mobility”（载Review of Radical Political Economics, 1978, Vol. 10, pp. 28—37）一文第30页指出，美国没有明显“自主的”城市或地区——因此，所有的城市都以这种方式进行运作。对这一点的更深入讨论，参见Pahl为本书撰写的第11章。
1702358608
1702358609
(53) Broadbent, T. A., Planning and Profit in the Urban Economy, London, 1977, p. 115.
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1702358611
(54) 关于一种部分类似的论证, 参见Cawson, A. and Saunders, P., “Corporatism, Competitive Politics and Class Struggle” in King, R., ed., Capital and Politics, London, 1983, pp. 1—27。
1702358612
1702358613
(55) 参见Walker, R., “Two Sources of Uneven Development under Advanced Capitalism: Spatial Differentiation and Capital Mobility,” Review of Radical Political Economics, 1978, Vol. 10, pp. 28—37；我在”Localities, Regions and Social Class”（载International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 1981, Vol. 5, pp. 455—474）一文中的简短说明；关于更详细的讨论和辩护，参见Cooke, P., “Labour Market Discontinuity and Spatial Development,” Progress in Human Geography, 1983, Vol. 7, pp. 543—565。
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1702358615
(56) 参见Sayer, A., “Explanation in Economic Geography: Abstraction Versus Generalisation,” Progress in Human Geography, 1982, Vol. 6, pp. 68—88；关于实在论和空间的一般论述，参见Williams, S., “Realism, Marxism and Human Geography,” Antipode, 1981, Vol. 13 (2), pp. 31—38。
1702358616
1702358617
(57) Sayer, A., “Explanation in Economic Geography: Abstraction Versus Generalisation,” Progress in Human Geography, 1982, Vol. 6, p. 79.
1702358618
1702358619
(58) Massey, D., “Regionalism: Some Current Issues,” Capital and Class, 1978, Vol. 6, p. 116; Sayer, A., “Explanation in Economic Geography: Abstraction Versus Generalisation,” Progress in Human Geography, 1982, Vol. 6。也可参见他们为本书撰写的第2章和第4章。
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1702358621
(59) Sayer, A., “Explanation in Economic Geography: Abstraction versus Generalisation,” Progress in Human Geography, 1982, Vol. 6, p. 80.
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1702358623
(60) 参见Urry, J., The Anatomy of Capitalist Societies: The Economy, Civil Society and the State, London, 1981a；和Urry, “Some Themes in the Analysis of the Anatomy of Contemporary Capitalist Societies,” Act a Sociologica, 1982, Vol. 25, pp. 405—418。
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