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(11) 参见Nerlich, G., The Shape of Space, Cambridge, 1976, pp. 6－7; Kant, I., The Critique of Pure Reason, 1961, London, pp. 65－101。
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(12) 这一点可以在Kant: Selected Pre-critical Writings (Manchester, 1968)中找到；参见Nerlich在The Shape of Space (Cambridge, 1976)一书第2章中的讨论。
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(13) Nerlich的The Shape of Space（Cambridge，1976）一书详细阐述了这一点。
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(14) 参见Smart, J. J. C, Philosophy and Scientific Realism, London, 1963, pp. 132－135。
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(15) 参见Foucault, M., The Order of Things, London, 1970。
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(16) Coward和Ellis的Language and Materialism (London, 1977)一书最清楚地论证了这一点。
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(17) 参见Giddens的著作A Contemporary Critique of Historical Materialism, Vol. 1: Power, Property and the State (London and Berkeley, 1981)和Gross的“Time-space Relations in Giddens’s Social Theory”（载Theory, Culture and Society, 1982, Vol. 2, pp. 83－88）一文对该书的批评。
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(18) Giddens, A., A Contemporary Critique of Historical Materialism, Vol. 1: Power, Property and the State, London and Berkeley, 1981, p. 38.
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(19) 关于依据实证主义科学观对“空间分离”的讨论，参见Sack, R. D., “The Spatial Separatist Theme in Geography,” Economic Geography, 1974, Vol. 50, pp. 1－19。也可参见Williams, S., “Realism, Marxism and Human Geography,” Antipode, 1981, Vol. 13(2), pp. 31－38。
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(20) 参见Jacques, E., The Form of Time, London, 1982, p. 33；顺便说一句，我在此并不打算讨论时间与空间之间的关系本身，也不打算讨论时间和空间的度量。例如，既然Hinkfuss表明了相信绝对的距离但又不会因此陷入一种全面的绝对主义是可能的，因此，两者之间的联系并不必然是特别的强有力。（Hinkfuss,I., The Existence of Space and Time, Oxford, 1975, p. 59）
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(21) 参见Hinkfuss在The Existence of Space and Time (Oxford, 1975)一书中到处可见对还原论的讨论。
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(22) 参见Harré, R. and Madden, E. H., Causal Powers, Oxford, 1975; Bhaskar, R., A Realist Theory of Science, Leeds, 1975; Bhaskar, R., The Possibility of Naturalism: A Philosophical Critique of the Contemporary Human Sciences, Brighton, 1979; 以及Harré, R., The Principles of Scientific Thinking, London, 1970，特别是p. 248。也可参见Braudel, F., On History (London, 1980)一书对“事件—存在论”的反对意见。
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(23) Keat和Urry的SocialTheory as Science (London，1982)一书的后记进一步阐述了这一点；参见Urry, J., “Realism and the Analysis of Space,” International Journal of Urban andRegional Research, Vol. 7, 1983, pp. 122－127。
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(24) Marx, K., Grundrisse, Harmondsworth, 1973 (completed 1857－1858; first published 1932), p. 101.也可参见Sayer的“Epistemology and Conceptions of People and Nature in Geography”（载Geo forum, 1979, Vol. 10, pp. 19－44）一文关于其中一些方法论观点的讨论。
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(25) Pred, A., “The Choreography of Existence: Commentson Hägerstrand’s Time-geography and Its Usefulness,”Economic Geography, 1977, Vol. 53, p. 208.
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(26) Pred, A., “Social Reproduction and the Time-geography of Everyday Life,”Geogra fiska AnnalerB, 1981, Vol. 63, p. 10.
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(27) 关于进一步的分析，参见Urry, “Some Themes in the Analysis of the Anatomy of Contemporary Capitalist Societies,” Acta Sociologica, 1982, Vol. 25, pp. 405－418。
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(28) 参见Giddens, A., A Contemporary Critique of Historical Materialism, Vol. 1: Power, Property and the State, London and Berkeley, 1981, ch. 7。
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(29) 关于对这种论证的进一步阐述，参见Urry, J., “Localities, Regions and Social Class,” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 1981, Vol. 5, pp. 455－474。
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(30) Althusser, L. and Balibar, E., Reading Capital, London, 1970, pp. 188－189.
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(31) Althusser, L. and Balibar, E., Reading Capital, London, 1970, p. 99.
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(32) Smart, J. J. C., Philosophy and Scientific Realism, London, 1963, ch. 7.
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(33) 参见Durkheim, E., The Division of Labour in Society, London and New York, 1964 (first published 1893), p. 260。
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(34) Bhaskar, R., A Realist Theory of Science, Leeds, 1975, p. 119.
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(35) 参见Sayer, A., “Epistemology and Conceptions of People and Nature in Geography,” Geoforum, Vol. 10, 1979, pp. 115－117；和Hanson, N., “Retroduction and the Logic of Scientific Discovery” in Krimerman, L. ed. The Nature and Scope of Social Science, New York, 1969。
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