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1702360401
(38) Nagel, E., “On the Statement ‘The Whole is Greater than the Sum of its Parts’” in Lazarsfeld, P. and Rosenberg, M., eds., The Language of Social Research, New York, 1955, pp. 519－527.
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(39) Gregory, D., “Social Change and Spatial Structures” in Carlstein, T., Parkes, D. and Thrift, N., eds., Timing Space and Spacing Time (3 vols), London, 1978, Vol. 1, p. 46.
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1702360405
(40) Giddens, A., A Contemporary Critique of Historical Materialism, Vol. 1: Power, Property and the State, London and Berkeley, 1981, pp. 39－40.
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1702360407
(41) 例如，Johnson, R., “Culture and the Historians” in Clarke, J., Critcher, C. and Johnson, R., eds., Working Class Culture: Studies in History and Theory, London, 1979; Homans, G. C., “The Explanation of English Regional Differences,” Past and Present, Vol. 42, pp. 19－34。
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1702360409
(42) Lojkine, J., “Contribution to a Marxist Theory of Capitalist Urbanisation” in Pickvance, C., ed., Urban Sociology: Critical Essays, London, 1976, pp. 97－99.
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1702360411
(43) Gordon, D., “Class Struggle and the Stages of American Urban Development” in Perry, D. and Watkins, A., eds., The Rise of the Sunbelt Cities, Beverley Hills, 1978, pp. 55－82；也可参见Gordon, D., “Capitalist Development and the History of American Cities” in Tabb, W. K. and Sawers, L., eds., Marxism and the Metropolis: New Perspectives in Urban Political Economy, New York, 1978, pp. 25－63，其中有类似的论证。
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(44) Lees, L. H., “Strikes and the Urban Hierarchy in English Industrial Towns, 1842－1901” in Cronin, J. and Schneer, J., eds., Social Conflict and the Political Order in Modern Britain, London, 1982, pp. 52－71.
1702360414
1702360415
(45) Litter, C., The Development of Labour Process in Capitalist Societies: A Comparative Study of the Transformation of Working Organization in Britain, Japan and USA.
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1702360417
(46) Ward, D., “Environs and Neighbours in the ‘Two Nations’: Residential Differentiation in Mid-nineteenth-century Leeds,” Journal of Historical Geography, Vol. 6, pp. 133－162; Shaw, M., “Wolverhampton 1871 and 1971,” Population Trends, Vol. 18, pp. 17－23.
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(47) 参见Anderson, M., “Sociological History and the Working-class Family: Smelser Revisited,” Social History, 1976, Vol. 1 (3) pp. 317－334。
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1702360421
(48) 参见A. Giddens的Central Problems in Social Theory: Action, Structure and Contradiction in Social Analysis (London and Berkeley, 1979)一书的论证。
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(49) 奇怪的是，Gordon并没有使用这个概念。但是，他在其他著作中已经有效地使用了这个概念，例如Gordon, D., Theories of poverty and Underemployment: Orthodox, Radical and Dual Labour Market Perspectives, New York, 1972; Gordon, D., Edwards, R. and Reich, M., Segmented Work, Divided Workers: the Historical Transformation of Labor in the United States, Cambridge, 1982。
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(50) 参见Norris, R., “Towards a Sociology of Labour Markets,” mimeo, 1980; 也见Lever, W. F., “Industry and Labour Markets in Great Britain” in Hamilton, F. E. I. and Linge, G. J. R., eds., Spatial Analysis, Industry and the Industrial Environment: vol 1: Industrial Systems, New York, 1979, pp. 89－114。关于近来地方劳动力市场比较研究方法局限性的总结，参见Warde, A., “Comparability in Local Studies: The Case of Deindustrialisation of Lancaster,” Lancaster Regionalism Group, Working Paper, 1982, NO. 4, pp. 25－35。
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(51) 一个重要的例子是: Edwards, R., Contested Terrain: the Transformation of the Work-place in the Twentieth Century, London and New York, 1979。关于对Edwards劳动力市场研究方法的批判，参见Penn, R., “The Contested Terrain: A Critique of R. C. Edwards’s Theory of Working Class Fractions and Politics” in Day, G. et al., eds., Diversity and Decomposition in the Labour market, Farnborough, 1982, pp. 93－106。
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(52) Storper, M. and Walker, R., “The Theory of Labour and The Theory of Location,” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 1983, Vol. 7, pp. 1－44．乍看起来，这个模型显得非常复杂，因此不可能将其成功运用于历史实例的解释。
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(53) Castells, M., The Urban Question, London, 1977, p. 445.
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(54) Ibid., p. 443.
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(55) Ibid., p. 444.
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(56) 例如，Lojkine, J., “Contribution to a Marxist Theory of Capitalist Urbanisation” in Pickvance, C., ed., Urban Sociology: Critical Essays, London, 1976, pp. 119－146; Lipietz, A., “The Structuration of Space, the Problem of Land and Spatial Policy” in Carney, J., Hudson, R. and Lewis, J., eds., Regions in Crisis, London, 1980, pp. 60－75。
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1702360439
(57) Castells, M., The Urban Question, London, 1977, pp. 129－233.
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1702360441
(58) Castells, M., The Urban Question, London, 1977, p. 451.
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1702360443
(59) Castells, M., City, Class and Power, London, 1978, pp. 93－151.
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1702360445
(60) 例如，Mingione, E., Social Conflict and the City, Oxford, 1981, p. 66。
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1702360447
(61) Castells, M., City, Class and Power, London, 1978, p. 178.
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1702360449
(62) Byrne, D., “Class and the Local State,” International Journal of urban and Regional Research, 1982, Vol. 6, pp. 61－82; Duncan, S. and Doodwin, M., “The Local State and Restructuring Social Relations,” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 1982, Vol. 6, pp. 157－186; Smith, S. L., “From Capitalist Domination to Urban Planning: Three Stages in the Urban Politics of Dartford 1814－1980,” mimeo.
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