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(106) Hägerstrand, T., “Diorama, Path and Project,”Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 1982, Vol. 73, p. 323.
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(107) Poster, M., Sartre’s Marxism, London, 1979, p. 67.
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(108) Sartre, J. -P., Critique of Dialectical Reason, London, 1976, p. 285.
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(109) Eyles, J., “Why Geography Cannot be Marxist: Towards an Understanding of Lived Experience,” Environment and Planning A, 1981, Vol. 13, pp. 1383－1384; 参见Aronson, R., Sartre: Philosophy in the world, London, 1980, pp. 259ff。
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(110) Sartre, J. -P., Critique of Dialectical Reason, London, 1976, p. 123.
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(111) Poster, M., Sartre’s Marxism, London, 1979, p. 96.
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(112) 最为重要的反对意见可能是：“萨特的视角关注微观世界，因此没有使我们看清社会转型”(Poster, M., Sartre’s Marxism, London, 1979, p. 102)。Giddens (Giddens, A., A Contem porary Critique of Historical Materialism, Vol. 1: Power, Property and the State, London and Berkeley, 1981, p. 196)声称“社会的发展”也能够被设想为一系列相互交叉的“时空路径”，而它们的交叉可以从地形构造方面呈现出来，但他在“适应这一目标”的同时仍然对Hägerstrand的“特殊呈现技术”态度暧昧。但是，任何这类拓展都会存在实际的困难；Giddens将这些“时空边缘”说成是“不同层级社会组织的交叉”，说成是“社会转型”的坐标轴——这距离传统的自主观念和依赖观念只有一小步。
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(113) 最为显著的差异是，萨特的著述完全没有涉及“生态问题”（Poster, M., Sartre’s Marxism, London, 1979, p. 75）。
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(114) Hägerstrand, T., “Diorama, Path and Project,” Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 1982, Vol. 73, pp. 324－325.“他异性”被定义为“一种分离关系，与相互性形成对照”（Sartre, J. -P., Critique of Dialectical Reason, London, 1976, p. 827）。
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(115) Pred, A., ed., Space and Time in Geography: Essays Dedicated to Torsten Hägerstrand, Lund Studies in Geography, 1981, Series B, No. 48, p. 5fn; Pred, A., “Social Reproduction and the Time-geography of Everyday Life,” Geografiska Annaler B, 1981, Vol. 63, p. 31.
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(116) Poster, M., Sartre’s Marxism, London, 1979, p. 74.
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(117) Hägerstrand, T., “Commentary” in Buttimer, A., Valuesin Geography (Association of American Geographers, Commission on College Geography, Resource Paper 24), 1974, p. 54.
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(118) Bhaskar, R., A Realist Theory of Social Science, Brighton and Atlantic Highlands, 1978, p. 54; 也见Bhaskar, R., The Possibility of Naturalism: a Philosophical Critique of the Contemporary Human Sciences, Brighton, 1979。Agnew已经表明，近来对于扩散理论的批评暗含了一种从工具主义（它与经验主义的关系极其密切）向实在论的转变，但是其纲领性的评论几乎没有谈及这种转变对于人文地理学或社会理论的更为广泛而深刻的含义: Agnew, J. S., “Instrumentalism Realism and Research on Diffusion of Innovation,” Professional Geographer, 1979, Vol. 31, pp. 364－370。也请参见Williams, S., “Realism, Marxism and Human Geography,” Antipode, 1981, Vol. 13（2）, pp. 31－38。
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(119) Sayer, A., “Explanation in Economic Geography: Abstraction versus Generalisation,” Progress in Human Geography, 1982, Vol. 6, pp. 69－72.
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(120) Gould, P., “Is it Necessary to Choose? Some Technical, Hermeneutic and Emancipatory Thoughts on Inquiry” in Gould, P. and Olsson, G., eds., A Search for Common Ground, London, 1982; Gaspar, J. and Gould, P., “The Cova da Beira: an Applied Structural Analysis of Agriculture and Communication” in Pred, A., ed., Space and Time in Geography: Essays Dedicated to Torsten Hägerstrand, Lund Studies in Geography, 1981, Series B, No. 48.
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(121) 尤其参见Gould, P., “Space and rum: an English Note on Espacien and Rumian meaning,” Geografiska Annaler B, 1981, Vol. 63, pp. 1－3。他在这部著作中承认，他从哲学家Joseph Kockelmans及其关于海德格尔的著作那里获益良多。
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(122) Bhaskar, R., A Realist Theory of Social Science, Brighton and Atlantic Highlands, 1978, p. 44.
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(123) 参见Keat, R. and Urry, J., Social Theory as Science, London, 1982, pp. 242－243。
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(124) 参见Harré, R. and Madden, E. H., Causal Powers, Oxford, 1975, pp. 164－184。我们不应该将此与Berry的“A Synthesis of Formal and Function Regions using a General Field Theory of Spatial Behaviour”（载Berry, B. J. L. and Marble, D. F., eds., Spatial Analysis, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1968）一文中“场理论”关于空间结构的表述相混淆。
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(125) 参见Olsson, G., Birds in Egg / Eggs in Bird, 1980, pp. 191b－193b; Taylor, P., “Distance Transformation and Distance Decay Functions,” Geographical Analysis, 1971, Vol. 3, pp. 221－238。
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(126) Gould, P., “Is it Necessary to Choose? Some Technical, Hermeneutic and Emancipatory Thoughts on Inquiry” in Gould, P. and Olsson, G., eds., A Search for Common Ground, London, 1982, pp. 80-81; Gould后来在该论文中注释说, 这种观点“很好地解释了如何评估传统扩散理论中的平均信息场”，因为“功能方法完全抹杀了多维的复杂性以及局部结构中的极端变化”(p. 93)。Gaspar和Gould的”The Cova daBeira: an Applied Structural Analysis of Agriculture and Communication” (载Pred, A., ed., Space and Time in Geography: Essays Dedicated to Torsten Hägerstrand, Lund Studies in Geography, 1981, Series B, No. 48)一文中给出了一个例证，“从原子物理学中借鉴来的功能语言不仅不能够表达情境的实在性，而且掩盖了创新采纳的真实展现过程”（p. 204）。
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(127) Gaile, G., “Spatial Models of Spread-Backwash Processes,”Geographical Analysis, 1979, Vol. 11, pp. 173－188.
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(128) Pred, A., ed., Space and Time in Geography：Essays Dedicated to Torsten Hägerstrand, Lund Studies in Geography, 1981, SeriesB, No. 48, p. 9; Carlstein, T., “The Sociology of Structuration in Time and Space: a Time-geographic Assessment of Giddens’s Theory,” Swedish Geographical Yearbook, 1981, p. 48; 参见本组注释中的注88。关于“概念的等级化”，参见Williams, S., “Realism, Marxism and Human Geography,” Antipode, 1981, Vol .13（2）, pp. 31－38; Keat, R. and Urry, J., Social Theory as Science, London, 1982, 附录。
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