1702362650
1702362651
(83) 关于隔离(Sequestration), 参见Foucault, M., DisciplineandPunish: theBirthofthePrison, London, 1977; Giddens, A., AContemporaryCritiqueofHistoricalMaterialism, Vol.1: Power, PropertyandtheState, London and Berkeley, 1981。
1702362652
1702362653
(84) 参见Thrift, N., “On the Determination of Social Action in Space and Time,” EnvironmentandPlanningD: SocietyandSpace, 1983, Vol.1, pp.23—57。
1702362654
1702362655
(85) 有关Clegg和Kay的信息源自他们的日记,这些日记分别经Doe(参见Doe, V.S., ed., ThediaryofJamesCleggofChapil-en-le-Frith 1708—1755(2vols), Matlock, 1978)以及Brockbank和Kenworthy(参见Brockbank, W.and Kenworthy, F., eds., TheDiaryofRichardKay, 1716—1751, Manchester, 1968)编辑过。
1702362656
1702362657
(86) 例如,Jhon Bent牧师、Samuel Kay医生和James Day医生。
1702362658
1702362659
(87) 他们藏书的确切规模仍然无法确定。不过,Clegg非常珍惜朋友的书,这些朋友身后留下的藏书至少有1500本。
1702362660
1702362661
(88) 参见Thomas的ReligionandtheDeclineofMagic: StudiesinPopularBeliefsinSixteenth – andSeventeenth-centuryEngland(London, 1971)一书中关于17世纪医学知识的叙述。“细菌”当时并不为人所知!
1702362662
1702362663
(89) 我在这里所谈论的“政治”知识是指关于政治事件的信息以及将这种信息组织起来以便人们在手册、报纸和书刊中查询的方式。这并不包括在像流行小说这样的文学作品中发现的政治信息(political messages),无论这些信息的说服力可能有多大。
1702362664
1702362665
(90) 关于进一步的详细情况,参见Thompson, E.P., TheMaking oftheEnglishWorkingClass, Harmondsworth, 1968, pp.711—734; 以及Calhoun, C., TheQuestionofClassStruggle: SocialFoundationsofPopularRadicalismduringtheIndustrialRevolution, Oxford, 1982。
1702362666
1702362667
(91) 参见Capp, B., AstrologyandthePopularPress
:EnglishAlmanacs 1500—1800, London, 1979。
1702362668
1702362669
(92) Richard Cobb最早使用了这个短语。
1702362670
1702362671
(93) 然而,邮递员和马车夫大体被限制在主要的公路上:参见Charlesworth, A., SocialProtestinaRuralSociety, Norwich, 1979。
1702362672
1702362673
(94) Thompson, E.P., TheMakingoftheEnglishWorkingClass, Harmondsworth, 1968, pp.789—790。关于这一时期出版机构尤其是激进出版机构的详细情况,参见Hollis, P., ThePauperPress, Oxford, 1970; Koss, S., TheRiseandFallofthePoliticalPressinBritain: Vol.1:TheNineteenthCentury, London, 1981。关于可以获得的激进图书的详细情况,参见Vincent, D., Bread, KnowledgeandFreedoms: AStudyofNineteenth-centuryWorking-classAutobiography, London, 1981; Altick, R.D., TheEnglishCommonReader: aSocialHistoryoftheMassReadingPublic 1800—1900, Chicago, 1957; Webb, R.K., “Working—class Readers in Early Victorian England,” EconomicHistory Review, 1950, Vol.65, pp.333—357; Webb, R.K., The British Working-class Reader 1790 — 1848, London, 1955。也见Lee的TheOriginsofthePopularPressinEngland, 1855—1914(London, 1976)一书中的一组地图,这组地图显示了报纸在英国的扩散以及这些报纸的政治面貌。
1702362674
1702362675
(95) Charlesworth, A., SocialProtestinaRuralSociety, Norwich, 1979, p.46.因而尤其在19世纪,不同的社会组织在不同的规模和不同的“整合水平”上发挥着作用。参见Smith, N., UnevenDevelopment: TheProductionofNatureunderCapitalism(unpublished Ph.D.thesis, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore: Department of Geography), 1982。
1702362676
1702362677
(96) Stone, L., “Literacy and Education in England 1640—1900,” PastandPresent, 1969, Vol.42, pp.69—139; Schofield, R.S., “Dimensions of Illiteracy 1750—1850,” ExplorationsinEconomicHistory, 1973, Vol.10, pp.437—454.
1702362678
1702362679
(97) 而且,读写能力并不能够确保阅读的习惯。参见Vincent, D., Bread, andFreedoms: AStudyofNineteenth-centuryWorking-classAutobiography, London, 1981, p.110。
1702362680
1702362681
(98) Burn, J.D., TheAutobiographyofaBeggarBoy, London, 1978, p.94。也见Vincent, D., Bread, KnowledgeandFreedoms: AStudyofNineteenth-centuryWorking-classAutobiography, London, 1981。
1702362682
1702362683
(99) 第一个这种咖啡店于1811年开业。到1849年,仅伦敦就有这种咖啡店约2000个。
1702362684
1702362685
(100) 当然,其他图书馆以及其他政治知识来源在这一时期也逐步发展,尽管它们通常具有非激进的性质:例如技工讲习会(Mechanics Institues)的图书馆、实用知识传播会(Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge)、教堂图书馆以及一些学校图书馆。
1702362686
1702362687
(101) Vincent, D., Bread, KnowledgeandFreedoms: AStudyofNineteenth-centuryWorking-classAutobiography, London, 1981, p.118.
1702362688
1702362689
(102) Thompson, E.P., TheMakingoftheEnglishWorkingClass, Harmondsworth, 1968, p.783.
1702362690
1702362691
(103) Calhoun, C., The QuestionofClass Struggle: SocialFoundationsofPopularRadicalismduringtheIndustrialRevolution, Oxford, 1982, ch.8.
1702362692
1702362693
(104) Foster, J., ClassStruggleandtheIndustrialRevolution: EarlyIndustrialCapitalisminThreeEnglishTowns, London, 1974, p.147.
1702362694
1702362695
(105) 参见Barnett、Corrigan、Kuhn和Wolff的编著IdeologyandCulturalProduction (London, 1979) 中的评论; Swingewood, A., TheMythofMassCulture, London, 1977; Corrigan, P.and Willis, P., “Cultural Forms and Class Mediations,” Media, CultureandSociety, 1980, Vol.2, pp.297—312。
1702362696
1702362697
(106) Dennis, J., Lindberg, L.and McCrone, D., “Support for Nationand Government among English Children,” BritishJournalofPoliticalScience, 1971, Vol.1, pp.25—48.
1702362698
1702362699
(107) 关于相关书籍,参见Mann, P.H., Books, BorrowersandBuyers, London, 1970; Mann, P.H.and Burgoyne, J.L., BooksandReading, London, 1969。
[
上一页 ]
[ :1.70236265e+09 ]
[
下一页 ]