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3. Arlie Hochschild with Anne Machung, The Second Shift: Working Families and the Revolution at Home (New York: Penguin, 1989), 1.
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4. Hochschild with Machung, Second Shift , 22.
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1702397965
5. 关于20世纪70年代至21世纪10年代美国媒体上超级妈妈文化理想的有趣回顾，可参见Amanda Westbrook Brennan, “The Fantasy of the Supermom,” Gnovis (April 26, 2013), http://www.gnovisjournal.org/2013/04/26/the-fantasy-of-the-supermom/。
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6. United Airlines, “1988 United Airlines Commercial,” YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zgd6K2vi0wk.
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7. 虽然大多数工人阶级妇女总要出门上班，但20世纪20年代中产阶级家庭数量的攀升，使得大多数中产阶级妇女成为家庭主妇。许多中产阶级妇女在第二次世界大战期间重返全职工作，但战后被迫回归家庭，直到20世纪六七十年代才再度大面积地涌向劳动市场。关于英国妇女就业数据，见英国统计局2017年发布的《劳动力调查报告》表二，http://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/bulletins/uklabourmarket/latest (accessed July 9, 2018)；美国数据见美国劳工部2016年发布的《劳动力市场中的妇女》，http://www.dol.gov/wb/stats/facts_over_time.htm (accessed July 9, 2018)。
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1702397971
8. Miriam Peskowitz, The Truth Behind the Mommy Wars: Who Decides What Makes a Good Mother? (Berkeley, CA: Seal Press, 2005), quoted in Janet McCabe and Kim Akass, eds., Reading ‘Desperate Housewives’: Beyond the White Picket Fence (London: I. B. Tauris, 2006), 99. 另见Imelda Whelehan, Modern Feminist Thought: From the Second Wave to Post-Feminism (New York: NYU Press, 1995)。
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1702397973
9. Shelley Budgeon, “Individualized Femininity and Feminist Politics of Choice,” European Journal of Women’s Studies 22, no. 3 (2015): 303–318.
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1702397975
10. Budgeon, “Individualized Femininity,” 304.
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1702397977
11. Rosalind Gill, “Postfeminist Media Culture: Elements of a Sensibility,” European Journal of Cultural Studies 10, no. 2 (2007): 147–166.
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1702397979
12. Gill, “Postfeminist Media Culture.”
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1702397981
13. Hannah Gavron, The Captive Wife: Conflicts of Housebound Mothers (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1966).
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1702397983
14. Catherine Hakim, Work-Lifestyle Choices in the 21st Century: Preference Theory (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000).
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1702397985
15. Susan Faludi, Backlash: The Undeclared War against Women (London: Chatto &Windus, 1992); Arielle Kuperberg and Pamela Stone, “The Media Depiction of Women Who Opt Out,” Gender & Society 22, no. 4 (2008): 497–517; Joan Williams, Unbending Gender: Why Family and Work Conflict and What to Do About It (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000).
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1702397987
16. Kuperberg and Stone, “Media Depiction of Women,” 512.
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1702397989
17. Hochschild with Machung, Second Shift , 59–60.
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1702397991
18. Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique (London: Penguin, 2000 [1963]), 29.
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1702397993
19. Sheryl Sandberg, Lean In: Women, Work, and the Will to Lead (London: WH Allen, 2013), 8
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1702397995
20. Sandberg, Lean In , 100.
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1702397997
21. Sandberg, Lean In , 49.
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1702397999
22. 对桑德伯格的批评，参见Rosalind Gill and Shani Orgad, “The Confidence Cult(ure),” Australian Feminist Studies 30, no. 86 (2015): 324–344; Angela McRobbie, “Feminism, the Family and the New ‘Mediated’ Materialism,” New Formations 80 (2013): 119–137; Catherine Rottenberg, “The Rise of Neoliberal Feminism,” Cultural Studies 28, no. 3 (2014).
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1702398001
23. Sandberg, Lean In , 33.
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1702398003
24. Sandberg, Lean In , 8.
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1702398005
25. Katty Kay and Claire Shipman, The Confidence Code: The Science and Art of Self-Assurance—What Women Should Know (New York: Harper Collins, 2014), xv.
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1702398007
26. Anne-Marie Slaughter, Unfinished Business: Women, Men, Work, Family (London: Oneworld, 2015), 148.
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1702398009
27. Gill and Orgad, “The Confidence Cult(ure)”; Rosalind Gill and Shani Orgad, “Confidence Culture and the Remaking of Feminism,” New Formations 91 (2017): 16–34; Shani Orgad and Rosalind Gill, Confidence Culture (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, forthcoming).
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