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22. Sheryl Sandberg, Lean In: Women, Work, and the Will to Lead (London: WH Allen, 2013), 49.
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23. 工人阶级的单身妈妈在20世纪八九十年代的美国流行文化中则被描绘成完全不同的形象，通常是反叛式的。例如，广受欢迎的情景喜剧《罗斯安家庭生活》就讲述了一位工人阶级母亲别无选择，只能一边工作一边抚养孩子，“日复一日地沉湎于当母亲的浪漫幻想中”（Susan Douglas and Meredith W. Michaels, The Mommy Myth: The Idealization of Motherhood and How It Has Undermined All Women , New York: Free Press, 2004, 206）。类似地，情景喜剧《墨菲·布朗》讲述了一位革命性职业妇女的故事，她决定生下私生子并独自养大，同时重回以前的调查记者和新闻主播工作。该剧1992年受到了副总统丹·奎尔（Dan Quayle）的著名批评，他说墨菲·布朗这个角色“通过一个人养孩子，还说不过是另一种‘生活方式的选择’，嘲讽了父亲的重要性”。参见Jacey Fortin, “That Time ‘Murphy Brown’ and Dan Quayle Topped the Front Page,” New York Times , January 26, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/26/arts/television/murphy-brown-dan-quayle.html。
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24. Helena Morrissey, A Good Time to Be a Girl: Don’t Lean In, Change the System (London: William Collins, 2018).
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25. Rottenberg, “Rise of Neoliberal Feminism,” 156. 另见Catherine Rottenberg, “Happiness and the Liberal Imagination: How Superwoman Became Balanced,” Feminist Studies 40, no. 1 (2014): 144–168。
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26. Rottenberg, “Happiness and the Liberal Imagination,” 156.
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27. Abigail Gregory and Susan Milner, “Editorial: Work–Life Balance: A Matter of Choice?” Gender, Work & Organization 16, no. 1 (2009): 1–13.
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28. Gregory and Milner, “Work-Life Balance,” 4.
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29. Gregory and Milner, “Work-Life Balance,” 2.
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30. Kathryn A. Cady, “Flexible Labor: A Feminist Response to Late Twentieth-century Capitalism?” Feminist Media Studies 13, no. 3 (2013): 395–414; Melissa Gregg, “The Normalisation of Flexible Female Labour in the Information Economy,” Feminist Media Studies 8, no. 3 (2008): 285–299.
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31. Gregg, “The Normalisation,” 287.
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32. “Interview: Rebecca Asher, Producer and Writer,” The Scotsman , April 3, 2011, http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/culture/books/interview-rebecca-asher-producer-and-writer-1-1572297; 另见Rebecca Asher, Shattered: Modern Motherhood and the Illusion of Equality (New York: Vintage, 2011), 6。
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33. Gregg, “The Normalisation,” 287.
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34. Gregory and Milner, “Work-Life Balance.”
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35. Office for National Statistics, “Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings: 2016 Provisional Results, Labour Force Survey, Quarter 2 (April to June) 2016, Table EMP04, https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/bulletins/annualsurveyofhoursandearnings/2016provisio nalresults.
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36. Amna Silim and Alfie Stirling, Women and Flexible Working: Improving Female Employment Outcomes in Europe , Institute for Public Policy Research, 2014, http://www.ippr.org/files/publications/pdf/women-and-flexible-working_Dec2014.pdf.
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37. US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey,” https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cpseea06.htm; figures are for July 2017.
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38. Hochschild with Machung, The Second Shift , 1.
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39. 例如，这位博主就列出了很多帮职场妈妈更好地平衡工作与生活的应用软件：Cindy Goodman, “Working Mothers Share Best Apps for Work Life Balance,” Miami Herald , July 5, 2014, http://miamiherald.typepad.com/worklifebalancingact/2014/05/working-mothers-share-best-apps-for-work-life-balance.html; 另见Elena Prokopets, “14 Smart Apps to Improve Your Work/Life Balance,” Lifehack,http://www.lifehack.org/275194/14-smart-apps-improve-your-worklife-balance (accessed June 13, 2018)。
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40. Kelli Orrella, “6 Top Apps to Help Make Work Life Balance a Reality (Not Just a Fantasy),” Working Mother , January 27, 2016, http://www.workingmother.com/6-top-apps-to-help-make-work-life-balance-reality-not-just-fantasy.
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41. Shani Orgad, “The Cruel Optimism of The Good Wife : The Fantastic Working Mother on the Fantastical Treadmill,” Television and New Media 18, no. 2 (2017): 165-183.
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42. Orgad, “Cruel Optimism.”
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43. Sandberg, Lean In , 113.
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44. 这类说法基本上都建立在异性恋标准上，因此这里女人的伴侣指男人。
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45. Jonathan Scourfield and Mark Drakeford, “New Labour and the ‘Problem of Men,’” Critical Social Policy 22, no. 4 (2002): 619–640.
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46. Ad Council, US Department of Health and Human Services, and National Responsible Fatherhood Clearinghouse, “A Message to Fathers across America: Take Time to Be a Dad Today,” PR Newswire , June 18, 2015, http://www.multivu.com/players/English/7552651-ad-council-fatherhood-psa/; Gaby Hinsliff, “I Don’t Know How He Does It! Meet the New Superdads,” Guardian , July 18, 2015, http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2015/jul/18/do-it-all-dads-men-career-family-friends; Jane Levere, “Ads Urge Fathers to ‘Take Time’ to Be a Dad,” New York Times , October 18, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/19/business/media/19adnewsletter1.html.
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