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(221) 唐德刚：《袁氏当国》，桂林：广西师范大学出版社，2004年，第156页。
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(222) 转引自Noel Pugach，“Embarrassed Monarchist：Frank J. Goodnow and Constitutional Development in China，”1913-1915，Pacific Historical Review，vol.42，no.4，pp.504-505，1973。
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(223) [美]保罗·芮恩施：《一个美国外交官使华记》，李保宏、盛震溯译，北京：商务印书馆，1982年，第136页。
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(224) 转引自Noel Pugach，“Embarrassed Monarchist：Frank J. Goodnow and Constitutional Development in China，1913-1915，”Pacific Historical Review，vol.42，no.4，p.515，1973。
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(225) Westel Willoughby，“Constitutional Government in China：Present Conditions and Prospects，”Carnegie Endowment for International Peace，vol.47，1922.
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(226) Dr.Goodnow’s Memorandum to the President，in U. S. Dept. of State，Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States，1915（Washington，1924），pp.53-58.
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(227) Dr.Goodnow’s Memorandum to the President，in U.S. Dept. of State，Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States，1915（Washington，1924），p.57.
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(228) Dr.Goodnow’s Memorandum to the President，in U.S. Dept. of State，Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States，1915（Washington，1924），pp.53-54.
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1702742186
(229) 历史的真实远比现在的讲述更复杂，美国虽然没有本土王室，但在费城制宪数月前，邦联首席执法官曾写信给普鲁士的亨利王子，询问他是否有可能到美国担任立宪君主，当时还有一个传闻，英王乔治三世的次子将受邀成为合众国的国王。继承人问题同样更复杂，美国前五位总统中，仅有亚当斯有儿子，但也正是这唯一的例外，约翰·昆西·亚当斯后来成为美国总统，参见Akhil Amar，America’s Constitution：A Biography，Random House，2005，pp.161-165。
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(230) Dr.Goodnow’s Memorandum to the President，in U.S. Dept. of State，Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States，1915（Washington，1924），pp.54-56.
1702742189
1702742190
(231) Dr.Goodnow’s Memorandum to the President，in U.S. Dept. of State，Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States，1915（Washington，1924），pp.56-57.
1702742191
1702742192
(232) Dr.Goodnow’s Memorandum to the President，in U.S. Dept. of State，Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States，1915（Washington，1924），p.57.
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1702742194
(233) Dr.Goodnow’s Memorandum to the President，in U.S. Dept. of State，Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States，1915（Washington，1924），pp.57-58.
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1702742196
(234) Dr.Goodnow’s Memorandum to the President，in U.S. Dept. of State，Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States，1915（Washington，1924），p.58.
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(235) Sudhindra Bose，“Remarks on President Goodnow’s Paper，”The American Political Science Review，vol.ix，no.2，pp.209-226，May 1915，pp.224-6.
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(236) Dr.Goodnow’s Memorandum to the President，in U.S. Dept. of State，Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States，1915（Washington，1924），p.57.
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(237) Dr.Goodnow’s Memorandum to the President，in U.S. Dept. of State，Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States，1915（Washington，1924），p.57.
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(238) 转引自Noel Pugach，“Embarrassed Monarchist：Frank J. Goodnow and Constitutional Development in China，1913-1915，”Pacific Historical Review，vol.42，no.4，p.512，1973。
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(239) Frank Goodnow，“The Parliament of the Republic of China，”The American Political Science Review，vol.viii，no.4，p.549.
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(240) 关于军阀轮流坐庄体制的理论分析，可参见Susan Rose-Ackerman，“Was Mancur a Maoist？An Essay on Kleptocracy and Political Stability，”Economics & Politics，vol.15，No.2，pp.163-180，July 2003。
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(241) Frank Goodnow，“The Parliament of the Republic of China，”The American Political Science Review，vol.viii，no.4，pp.552-560.
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1702742212
(242) Frank Goodnow，“Reform in China，”The American Political Science Review，vol.ix，no.2，May 1915，pp.209-211.
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(243) Frank Goodnow，“Reform in China，”The American Political Science Review，vol.ix，no.2，May 1915，p.217.
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(244) Frank Goodnow，“Reform in China”，The American Political Science Review，vol.ix，no.2，May 1915，pp.214-215.
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(245) Frank Goodnow，“Reform in China，”The American Political Science Review，vol.ix，no.2，May 1915，p.210.
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