打字猴:1.70290997e+09
1702909970 [19]参见Fischer,“The Liberal Peace,”pp.1—6;Stephen Holmes, Pas-sions and Constraint:On the Theory of Liberal Democracy(Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1995),pp.8—10,31—36。
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1702909972 [20]Kenneth N.Waltz, Man, the State and War:A Theoretical Analysis(New York:Columbia University Press,1965).
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1702909974 [21]Joseph de Maistre, Considerations on France, trans.Richard A.Lebrun(Montreal:McGill-Queen’s University Press,1974),p.97.
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1702909976 [22]Mark Pagel, Wired for Culture:Origins of the Human Social Mind(New York:Norton,2012),p.12.
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1702909978 [23]Pierre Bourdieu, Outline of a Theory of Practice(New York:Cambridge University Press,1977).
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1702909980 [24]James D.Fearon,“What Is Identity(as We Now Use the Word)?”(un-published paper, Stanford University, November 3,1999);Samuel P.Hunting-ton, Who Are We?The Challenges to American National Identity(New York:Si-mon&Schuster,2004),chap.2.
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1702909982 [25]Jeanne E.Arnold,“The Archaeology of Complex Hunter-Gatherers,”Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 3,no.2(March 1996):77—126;T.Douglas Price and James A.Brown, eds.,Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherers:The Emergence of Cultural Complexity(San Diego, CA:Academic Press,1985).
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1702909984 [26]Leo Strauss, An Introduction to Political Philosophy:Ten Essays by Leo Strauss, ed.Hilail Gildin(Detroit:Wayne State University Press,1989),p.3.
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1702909986 [27]Richard A.Posner, The Problematics of Moral and Legal Theory(Cam-bridge, MA:Harvard University Press,1999),p.137.也参见p.36,其中他写道:“人类社会中最重要的合作规则是植根于其道德规范之中的。”
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1702909988 [28]“理性统治世界”这句话出自Hegel, Introduction to the Philosophy of History, trans.Leo Rauch(Indianapolis:Hackett Publishing,1988),p.12。例如,一位学者认为,世界各地的人们都能在第一原理上达成共识,参见Derek Parfit, On What Matters,2 vols.(New York:Oxford University Press,2011)。还可以考察路易丝·安东尼(Louise M.Antony)在一本包含英美20位主要哲学家的文章的文集导论中的评论,他们都放弃了传统的宗教信仰。安东尼注意到无神论者通常被认为“没有道德价值”,她指出:“本卷的这些文章应该被用于彻底地驳斥这一点。本卷中的每一位作者都坚定地肯定了对与错的客观性。”Louise M.Antony, ed.,Philosophers without Gods:Meditations on Atheism and the Secular Life(New York:Oxford University Press,2007),pp.x, xii.这种对客观真理的乐观观点也清楚地反映在下面这本书中,尽管作者对此表示反对:J.L.Mackie, Ethics:Inventing Right and Wrong(London:Penguin Books,1990)。
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1702909990 [29]有人可能会认为,当涉及关于什么构成美好生活的核心问题时,有绝对真理存在,但我们的批判能力根本不足以帮助我们辨别它们。然而,这一论点与我的关于我们批判能力的局限性的主张是一致的。
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1702909992 [30]Peter Gay, The Enlightenment:The Rise of Modern Paganism(New York:Norton,1966);Peter Gay, The Enlightenment:The Science of Freedom(New York:Norton,1996);Isaac Kramnick, ed.,The Portable Enlightenment Reader(New York:Penguin Books,1995);Anthony Pagden, The Enlighten-ment:And Why It Still Matters(New York:Random House,2013).
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1702909994 [31]引自Kramnick, The Portable Enlightenment Reader, p.388。
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1702909996 [32]William Godwin, An Enquiry concerning Political Justice, and Its Influ-ence on General Virtue and Happiness(Harmondsworth, UK:Penguin Books,1976),pp.140,168.
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1702909998 [33]Frederick C.Beiser, The Fate of Reason:German Philosophy from Kant to Fichte(Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press,1987);Isaiah Berlin, The Proper Study of Mankind:An Anthology of Essays(New York:Farrar, Straus and Giroux,1998),pp.243—268;Max Horkheimer, Eclipse of Reason(New York:Continuum,2004).
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1702910000 [34]Alasdair MacIntyre, After Virtue:A Study in Moral Theory(Notre Dame, IN:University of Notre Dame Press,1981),p.6.其他强调我们无法在伦理或道德原则上达成共识的作品包括:Stuart Hampshire, Morality and Con-flict(Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press,1984);Bernard Williams, Eth-ics and the Limits of Philosophy(Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press,1985)。
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1702910002 [35]马克斯·韦伯指出了一个相关的观点:“我不知道人们希望如何‘科学地’决定法国和德国文化的价值;因为在这里,现在和将来的任何时候,不同的神也在相互斗争。”Max Weber,“Science as a Vocation,”in From Max We-ber:Essays in Sociology, ed.and trans.H.H.Gerth and C.Wright Mills(New York:Oxford University Press,1971),p.148.
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1702910004 [36]这一段中的所有引用都来自Brad S.Gregory, The Unintended Refor-mation:How a Religious Revolution Secularized Society(Cambridge, MA:Har-vard University Press,2012),p.21。
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1702910006 [37]Brian Leiter,“Legal Realism and Legal Positivism Reconsidered,”Eth-ics 111,no.2(January 2001):285.
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1702910008 [38]Richard A.Posner, Economic Analysis of Law,9th ed.(New York:Wolters Kluwer Law&Business,2014).
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1702910010 [39]这一段中的引用来自Ronald Dworkin, A Matter of Principle(Cam-bridge, MA:Harvard University Press,2000),pp.3,69。
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1702910012 [40]Dworkin, A Matter of Principle, p.162.
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1702910014 [41]The Essential Holmes:Selections from the Letters, Speeches, Judicial O-pinions, and Other Writings of Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.,ed.Richard A.Pos-ner(Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1992),p.107.
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1702910016 [42]“Why Obama Voted against Roberts,”Wall Street Journal, June 2,2009.
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1702910018 [43]Irving Kristol,“Some Personal Reflections on Economic Well-Beingand Income Distribution,”in The American Economy in Transition, ed.Martin Feld-stein(Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1980),p.486.英国经济学家莱昂内尔·罗宾斯(Lionel Robins)同样指出,经济学“与规范和目的无关,它严格关注为特定目的而分配稀缺手段的模式构建”。引自S.M.Amadae, Ration-alizing Capitalist Democracy:The Cold War Origins of Rational Choice Liberal-ism(Chicago:University of Chicago Press,2003),p.91。
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