1702910950
1702910951
[509]约翰·欧文写道：“我发现，民主结构几乎与阻止国家开战一样有可能驱使国家开战。”Owen，“How Liberalism Produces Democratic Peace，”p.91.也可参见Bruce Russett, Controlling the Sword：The Democratic Governance of National Security（Cambridge, MA：Harvard University Press，1990），p.124。
1702910952
1702910953
[510]Russett, Controlling the Sword, p.124.也可参见William J.Dixon，“Democracy and Peaceful Settlement of International Settlement，”American Po-litical Science Review 88，no.1（March 1994）：14—32；Zeev Maoz and Bruce Russett，“Normative and Structural Causes of Democratic Peace，1946—1986，”American Political Science Review 87，no.3（September 1993）：624—638；Rus-sett, Grasping the Democratic Peace；Weart, Never at War。
1702910954
1702910955
[511]Russett, Grasping the Democratic Peace, p.33.
1702910956
1702910957
[512]Doyle，“Kant, Liberal Legacies, and Foreign Affairs，”part 1，p.213.
1702910958
1702910959
[513]Doyle，“Kant, Liberal Legacies, and Foreign Affairs，”part 1，p.213.
1702910960
1702910961
[514]Owen，“How Liberalism Produces Democratic Peace，”p.89.
1702910962
1702910963
[515]Stephen Van Evera，“American Intervention in the Third World：Less Would Be Better，”Security Studies 1，no.1（August 1991）：1—24.
1702910964
1702910965
[516]John B.Judis，“Clueless in Gaza：New Evidence That Bush Under-mined a Two-State Solution，”New Republic, February 18，2013；David Rose，“The Gaza Bombshell，”Vanity Fair, March 3，2008；Graham Usher，“The Democratic Resistance：Hamas, Fatah, and the Palestinian Elections，”Journal of Palestine Studies 35，no.3（Spring 2006）：20—36.
1702910966
1702910967
[517]Rosato，“The Flawed Logic of Democratic Peace Theory，”p.591.罗萨托指出，美国政府在世界各地进行秘密干预的一个原因是，它试图对自己的公众隐瞒这种干预。林赛·奥罗克提出了同样的观点，Lindsey O’Rourke, Covert Regime Change：America’s Secret Cold War（Ithaca, NY：Cornell Univer-sity Press，2018）。
1702910968
1702910969
[518]Christopher Layne，“Kant or Cant：The Myth of the Democratic Peace，”International Security 19，no.2（Fall 1994）：5—49.
1702910970
1702910971
[519]Michael Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars：A Moral Argument with Histori-cal Illustrations（New York：Basic Books，2007）.
1702910972
1702910973
[520]多伊尔赞同用康德的话来表述这一点。Doyle，“Kant, Liberal Lega-cies, and Foreign Affairs，”part 2，p.344.正义战争理论与民主和平论的重叠体现在下面这本书中：John Rawls, The Law of Peoples：With“The Idea of Pub-lic Reason Revisited”（Cambridge, MA：Harvard University Press，1991）。例如，罗尔斯对正义战争理论的讨论依赖于Walzer’s Just and Unjust Wars。参见Rawls, The Law of Peoples, pp.94—105。
1702910974
1702910975
[521]Alexander B.Downes, Targeting Civilians in War（Ithaca, NY：Cornell University Press，2008），p.3.对于民主国家杀害大量平民的进一步证据，参见Robert A.Pape, Bombing to Win：Air Power and Coercion in War（Ithaca, NY：Cornell University Press，1996）；Benjamin Valentino, Paul Huth, and Dy-lan Balch-Lindsay，“‘Draining the Sea’：Mass Killing and Guerrilla Warfare，”International Organization 58，no.2（Spring 2004）：375—407。
1702910976
1702910977
[522]John Tirman, The Deaths of Others：The Fate of Civilians in America’s Wars（New York：Oxford University Press，2011），引用封底文字。
1702910978
1702910979
[523]Geoffrey P.R.Wallace, Life and Death in Captivity：The Abuse of Prisoners during War（Ithaca, NY：Cornell University Press，2015）.
1702910980
1702910981
[524]Doyle，“Liberalism and World Politics，”p.1159.也可参见Larry Dia-mond，“Facing Up to the Democratic Recession，”Journal of Democracy 26，no.1（January 2015）：141—155；Ethan B.Kapstein and Nathan Converse, The Fate of Young Democracies（New York：Cambridge University Press，2008）；Juan J.Linz and Alfred Stepan, Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation：Southern Europe, South America, and Post-Communist Europe（Baltimore：Johns Hopkins University Press，1996）；Ko Maeda，“Two Modes of Democratic Breakdown：A Competing Risk Analysis of Democratic Durability，”Journal of Politics 72，no.4（October 2010）：1129—1143；Dan Slater, Benjamin Smith, and Gautam Nair，“Economic Origins of Democratic Breakdown？The Redistribu-tive Model and the Postcolonial State，”Perspectives on Politics 12，no.2（June 2014）：353—374。
1702910982
1702910983
[525]事实上，三位著名学者认为当代“美国有倒退的危险”。Robert Mick-ey, Steven Levitsky, and Lucan A.Way，“Is America Still Safe for Democra-cy？”Foreign Affairs 96，no.3（May/June 2017）：20—29.也可参见Steven Lev-itsky and Daniel Ziblatt, How Democracies Die（New York：Crown，2018）。
1702910984
1702910985
[526]Jonathan Kirshner, Appeasing Bankers：Financial Caution on the Road to War（Princeton, NJ：Princeton University Press，2007）；Beth Simmons，“Pax Mercatoria and the Theory of the State，”in Economic Interdependence and Inter-national Conflict, ed.Edward D.Mansfield and Brian M.Pollins（Ann Arbor：University of Michigan Press，2003），pp.31—43；Etel Solingen，“Internationali-zation, Coalitions, and Regional Conflict and Cooperation，”in Mansfield and Pollins, Economic Interdependence and International Conflict, pp.60—68.
1702910986
1702910987
[527]Norman Angell, The Great Illusion：A Study of the Relationship of Mili-tary Power in Nations to Their Economic and Social Advantage（London：William Heinemann，1910）.
1702910988
1702910989
[528]Richard N.Rosecrance, The Rise of the Trading State：Commerce and Conquest in the Modern World（New York：Basic Books，1986）.
1702910990
1702910991
[529]Erik Gartzke，“The Capialist Peace，”American Journal of Poltical Sci-ence 51，no.1（January 2007）：166—191；Erik Gartzke, Quan Li, and Charles Boehmer，“Investing in the Peace：Economic Interdependence and International Conflict，”International Organization 55，no.2（Spring 2001）：391—438.
1702910992
1702910993
[530]Patrick J.McDonald, The Invisible Hand of Peace：Capitalism, the War Machine, and International Relations Theory（New York：Cambridge University Press，2009），p.5.
1702910994
1702910995
[531]Stephen G.Brooks, Producing Security：Multinational Corporations, Globalization, and the Changing Calculus of Conflict（Princeton, NJ：Princeton University Press，2005）.
1702910996
1702910997
[532]Dale C.Copeland，“Economic Interdependence and War：A Theory of Trade Expectations，”International Security 20，no.4（Spring 1996）：5—41；Copeland, Economic Interdependence and War.
1702910998
1702910999
[533]John J.Mearsheimer, Conventional Deterrence（Ithaca, NY：Cornell U-niversity Press，1983）.
[
上一页 ]
[ :1.70291095e+09 ]
[
下一页 ]