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[5] Paul Louis,“La Premiere Seance de la Societe des Nations,” L’Humanite:Journal Socialiste Quotidien (January 16,1920),3.
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[6] French Ministry of Foreign Affairs,“The Clock Room.”
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[7] Valentine Thomson,Briand,Man of Peace (New York:Covici-Friede,1930),xii;Frederick W. Haberman,Peace 1926-1950,Nobel Lectures,Including Presentation Speeches and aureates’ Biographies,Vol. 2 (River Edge,NJ:World Scientific,1999);L. De Saint-Martin,“un Geste:un Acte,” L’Ouest-Eclair (Rennes ed.),August 28,1928,1.
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[8] U.S. Department of State,Treaty for the Renunciation of War:Text of the Treaty,Notes Exchanged,Instruments of Ratification and of Adherence,and Other Papers (Washington,DC:U.S. Government Printing Office,1933),308-9 (French original text) and 313-14 (English translation).
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[9] 韦格蒂乌斯这样表达:“Igitur qui desiderat pacem,praeparet bellum”。Publius Flavius Vegetius Renatus,Epitoma Rei Militaris,BookⅢ.
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[10] 代理外交大臣库申登勋爵代表印度签字。
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[11] Milton Leitenberg,“Deaths in Wars and Conflicts in the 20th Century,” 2003,https://pacs.einaudi.cornell.edu/sites/pacs/files/Deaths-Wars-Conflicts3rd-ed.pdf.
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[12] Human Security Report 2013,The Decline in Global Violence:Evidence,Explanation and Contestation,37. 作者的度量标准是每年每十万人平均死亡人数。
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[13] 截至1934年底,下列国家已成为该公约的缔约国:阿富汗、阿尔巴尼亚、澳大利亚、奥地利、比利时、巴西、保加利亚、加拿大、智利、中国、哥伦比亚、哥斯达黎加、古巴、捷克斯洛伐克、但泽、丹麦、多米尼加共和国、厄瓜多尔、埃及、爱沙尼亚、埃塞俄比亚、芬兰、法国、德国、希腊、危地马拉、海地、汉志、洪都拉斯、匈牙利、冰岛、印度、伊拉克、爱尔兰自由邦、意大利、日本、拉脱维亚、利比里亚、立陶宛、卢森堡、墨西哥、荷兰、新西兰、尼加拉瓜、挪威、巴拿马、巴拉圭、波斯、秘鲁、波兰、葡萄牙、罗马尼亚、暹罗、南非、苏联、西班牙、瑞典、瑞士、土耳其、英国、美国、委内瑞拉和南斯拉夫。巴巴多斯在1971年加入,安的列斯和阿鲁巴在1986年加入,多米尼加联邦在1988年加入,波黑在1994年加入。
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[14] 值得注意的例外包括国际法史学家史蒂芬·内夫(Stephen Neff)的War and the Law of Nations:A General History (New York:Cambridge University Press,2005),293-96;Randall Lesaffer in “Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)” in Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law,ed. Rudiger Wolfrum (Oxford:Oxford University Press,2013),579;以及反战积极分子大卫·斯旺森(David Swanson)的When the World Outlawed War(2011年自行出版)。
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[15] Henry Kissinger,Diplomacy (New York:Simon & Schuster,1994),280.
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[16] Eric Sevareid,Radio,Racism and Foreign Policy,at 19:40,https://archive.org/details betweenthewarsradioracismandforeignpolicy 20150427.
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[17] Ian Kershaw,To Hell and Back:Europe,1914-1949 (London:Allen Lane,2015),181.
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[18] Kenneth L. Adelman,The Great Universal Embrace:Arms Summitry—A Skeptic’s Account (New York:Simon & Schuster,1989),68;James M. Lindsay,“TWE Remembers:The Kellogg-Briand Pact,” The Water’s Edge (August 27,2011),http://blogs.cfr.org/lindsay/2011/08/27/twe-remembers-the-kellogg-briand-pact.
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[19] Independent Cinema Office (U.K.),“Histoire Du Soldat Inconnu,” Essentials:Secret Masterpieces of Cinema,http://www. icoessentials.org.uk/film/histoire-du-soldat-inconnu.
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[20] Oona A. Hathaway and Scott J. Shapiro,“On Syria,a U.N. Vote Isn’t Optional,” New York Times,September 3,2013.
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[21] Daniel W. Drezner,“International Lawyers Give It the Old College Try,” Foreign Policy,September 4,2013.
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[22] 这些数据来自和平与冲突研究所(Department of Peace and Conflict Research):UCDP Battle-Related Deaths Dataset v.5-2016,1989-2015,http://www.pcr.uu.se/research/ucdp/datasets/。它们不包括因疾病、饥饿、犯罪或者刻意针对平民的攻击(单方面暴力行为)导致的死亡。
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[23] Henry Cabot Lodge,“The Meaning of the Kellogg Treaty,” Harper’s Magazine,December 1928,41.
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[24] Carl von Clausewitz,On War,trans. and eds. Michael Howard and Peter Paret (Princeton:Princeton University Press,1976),87. 霍华德(Howard)和帕雷特(Paret)将其翻译成“战争只不过是政治交往以其他手段的继续”。Carl von Clausewitz,On War,trans. and eds. Michael Howard and Peter Paret (Princeton:Princeton University Press,1976),第605页。我们采用更著名的解释。
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[25] 参见 Peter H. Wilson,The Thirty Years War:Europe’s Tragedy (Cambridge:Harvard University Press,2009),779-95。
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[26] 参见,例如 Leo Gross,“The Peace of Westphalia,1648-1948,” American Journal of International Law 42,no. 1 (1948):20-41;Stephen D. Krasner,Sovereignty:Organized Hypocrisy (Princeton:Princeton University Press,1999)。
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[27] 参见 Andreas Osiander,“Sovereignty,International Relations and the Westphalian Myth,” International Organization 55,no. 2 (Spring 2001):251-87;Ronald Lesaffer,“The International Dimension of the Westphalia Treaties:A Juridical Approach,” in 350 anos de la Paz de Westfalia,1648-1998. Del antagonismo a la integracion en Europa. Ciclo de conferencias celebrado en la Biblioteca Nacional,Madrid 9 de marzo a 30 de noviembre de 1998,eds. Garcia Garcia et al. (Madrid:Biblioteca Nacional,1999),291-310;Derek Croxton,“The Peace of Westphalia of 1648 and the Origins of Sovereignty,” The International History Review 21,no. 3 (1999):569-91。
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