打字猴:1.702914046e+09
1702914046
1702914047 [57]DJP,259-60.
1702914048
1702914049 [58]DJP,256,258,275.
1702914050
1702914051 [59]DJP,284,277.
1702914052
1702914053 [60] 澳门是葡萄牙人生活的一个蕃坊(外国人聚居区),他们在广州做生意。参见包乐史(Leonard Blusse)对荷兰在澳门考察历史的详细再现:Leonard Blusse,“Brief Encounter at Macao,” Modern Asia Studies 22,no. 3 (1988):647-64。
1702914054
1702914055 [61] Leonard Blusse,“Brief Encounter at Macao,” Modern Asia Studies 22,no. 3 (1988),652.
1702914056
1702914057 [62]DJP,282.可对比1603年7月13日范赫姆斯科克写给阿姆斯特丹联合公司董事的信,DJP,531。
1702914058
1702914059 [63]DJP,372-79.
1702914060
1702914061 [64] Martine Julia van Ittersum,“Dating the Manuscript of De Jure Praedae (1604-1608):What Watermarks,Foliation and Quire Divisions Can Tell Us about Hugo Grotius’ Development as a Natural Rights and Natural Law Theorist,” History of European Ideas 35,no. 2 (2009):125,145-46. 范·伊特逊是在回应彼得·博尔施贝格(Peter Borschberg)的原作。参见Peter Borschberg,Hugo Grotius,“Commentarius in Theses XI”:An Early Treatise on Sovereignty,the Just War,and the Legitimacy of the Dutch Revolt (Berne:Peter Lang,1994)。
1702914062
1702914063 [65] 1606年11月1日写给G.M.林格尔斯海姆(G. M. Lingelsheim)的信件,收录于P. C. Molhuysen,ed.,Briefwisseling van Hugo Grotius,Vol. 1 (The Hague:Martinus Nijhoff,1928),72,也可登录网址http://grotius.huygens.knaw.nl/letters/0086/查询;Van Ittersum,“Dating the Manuscript of De Jure Praedae,” 130。这部著作现在叫作De Jure Praedae Commentarius,通常被译为《捕获和战利品法评论》(Commentary on the Law of Prize and Booty),这个书名不是作者自己命名的,而是19世纪中叶一位书商取的。参见Robert Fruin,De Jure Praedae Commentarius:An Unpublished Work of Hugo Grotius’s,3。(弗鲁因的文章1868年写于荷兰。)
1702914064
1702914065 [66] 很有可能是,公司曾权衡过它们能够承担战争的经济损失,因为股东们别无选择。这是贸易垄断,荷兰商人太被动了。参见Van Ittersum,Profit and Principle,188。
1702914066
1702914067 [67] 也可参考存在于1819~1866年的废除奴隶贸易混合委员会法庭(Courts of Mixed Commission for the Abolition of the Slave Trade),珍妮·马丁内斯(Jenny Martinez)的作品有描述:The Slave Trade and the Origins of International Human Rights Law (New York:Oxford University Press,2011)。
1702914068
1702914069 [68] 例如,参见美国墨西哥赔偿委员会(American-Mexican Claims Commission)第二章描述。
1702914070
1702914071 [69] Walter Ullmann,“The Medieval Papal Court as International Tribunal,” Virginia Journal for International Law 11 (1971):356-71.
1702914072
1702914073 [70] 清朝统治始于1644年,德川幕府始于1603年。
1702914074
1702914075 [71] 《学说汇纂》(The Digest)引用乌尔比安(Ulpian)的观点:“没有人能向他人让渡大于其自身所拥有的权利”(“Nemo plus iuris ad alium transferre potest,quam ipsehabet”)。参见The Digest of Justinian,ed. Alan Watson,Vol. 4 (Philadelphia:University of Pennsylvania Press,2011),50.17.54,474。
1702914076
1702914077 [72] 例如,参见DJB,2.10.1.2-3。普通法的规则要宽松些,它允许诚信的商人拥有自由市场(market overt)上所购货物之所有权。参见Peter M. Smith,“Valediction to Market Overt,” The American Journal of Legal History 41,no. 2 (April 1997):225-49。
1702914078
1702914079 [73] 《荷兰西印度公司章程》,1621年6月3日,第二条,收于Francis Newton Thorpe,ed.,The Federal and State Constitutions,Colonial Charters,and Other Organic Laws of the States,Territories,and Colonies Now or Heretofore Forming the United States of America (Washington,DC:Government Printing Office,1909)。
1702914080
1702914081 [74] Borschberg,“The Seizure of the Sta. Catarina Revisited,” 37-38.
1702914082
1702914083 [75] Van Ittersum,Profit and Principle,207,218-19 n. 28.
1702914084
1702914085 [76] 该盔甲可登录www. flickr. com/photos/roelipilami/2047595350/in/photo stream/查看。
1702914086
1702914087 [77]The Poetry of Hugo Grotius,B. L. Meulenbroek,A. Eyffinger,and E. Rabbie,eds.,375-91 (Assen,The Netherlands:Van Gorcum,1970).
1702914088
1702914089 [78]The Poetry of Hugo Grotius,B. L. Meulenbroek,A. Eyffinger,and E. Rabbie,eds.,375-91 (Assen,The Netherlands:Van Gorcum,1970),384.
1702914090
1702914091 [79] 接下来三段主要参考:Van Ittersum,Profit and Principle,177,191-95,325-30,345。
1702914092
1702914093 [80] 西班牙实际上并没有承认荷兰独立,但同意将荷兰作为独立国家看待。参见 Israel,Dutch Republic,405;Beatrix C. M. Jacobs,“The United Provinces:‘Free’ or ‘Free and Sovereign’?,” in Randall Lesaffer,ed.,The Twelve Years Truce (1609):Peace,Truce,War,and Law in the Low Countries at the Turn of the 17th Century (Leiden:Martinus Nijhoff/Brill,2014),181-95。
1702914094
1702914095 [81] 格劳秀斯的《海洋自由论》在谈判中并没有发挥作用:它刚好在停战协定签署一两周之后发表。参见Martine Julia van Ittersum,“Preparing Mare Liberum for the Press:Hugo Grotius’ Rewriting of Chapter 12 of De iure praedae in November-December 1608,” Grotiana 26,no. 1 (2007):256。
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